LEHNE PHARM ALZHEIMER DISEASE
PHARMACOTHERAPY LATEST 2026-2027 WITH
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM A+
PASS.
1. Which neurotransmitter is primarily depleted in Alzheimer disease and
targeted by cholinesterase inhibitors?
A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
Rationale: Alzheimer disease is characterized by a marked reduction in
acetylcholine due to degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal
forebrain. Cholinesterase inhibitors increase synaptic ACh levels.
2. Which drug is classified as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?
A. Memantine
B. Donepezil
C. Haloperidol
D. Lithium
Rationale: Donepezil inhibits acetylcholinesterase reversibly, increasing
acetylcholine availability in the CNS.
3. Which drug is indicated primarily for moderate to severe Alzheimer
disease?
A. Donepezil
B. Rivastigmine
C. Galantamine
, D. Memantine
Rationale: Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist used in moderate to
severe stages of Alzheimer disease.
4. What is the mechanism of action of memantine?
A. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition
B. Dopamine agonism
C. NMDA receptor antagonism reducing glutamate excitotoxicity
D. GABA enhancement
Rationale: Memantine blocks NMDA receptors and reduces calcium-
mediated excitotoxic neuronal damage.
5. A patient on donepezil is most likely to experience which adverse effect?
A. Hypertension
B. Weight gain
C. Diarrhea
D. Urinary retention
Rationale: Increased cholinergic activity commonly causes gastrointestinal
effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
6. Which drug is NOT a cholinesterase inhibitor?
A. Rivastigmine
B. Galantamine
C. Donepezil
D. Memantine
Rationale: Memantine works via NMDA receptor antagonism, not
acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
, 7. Which symptom is most improved by cholinesterase inhibitors?
A. Motor paralysis
B. Cognitive decline (memory and attention)
C. Seizures
D. Acute pain
Rationale: These drugs provide modest improvement in cognition and daily
functioning in early Alzheimer disease.
8. Which pathological hallmark is most associated with Alzheimer disease?
A. Lewy bodies
B. TDP-43 inclusions
C. Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
D. Demyelination
Rationale: Alzheimer disease is characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid
plaques and intracellular tau tangles.
9. Which stage of Alzheimer disease is most appropriate for initiating
cholinesterase inhibitor therapy?
A. Severe only
B. Mild to moderate
C. Terminal stage only
D. Asymptomatic stage
Rationale: Cholinesterase inhibitors are most effective in mild to moderate
stages of disease.
10.Which drug is also available as a transdermal patch?
A. Donepezil
B. Rivastigmine
C. Memantine
D. Tacrine
PHARMACOTHERAPY LATEST 2026-2027 WITH
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS EXAM A+
PASS.
1. Which neurotransmitter is primarily depleted in Alzheimer disease and
targeted by cholinesterase inhibitors?
A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
Rationale: Alzheimer disease is characterized by a marked reduction in
acetylcholine due to degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal
forebrain. Cholinesterase inhibitors increase synaptic ACh levels.
2. Which drug is classified as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?
A. Memantine
B. Donepezil
C. Haloperidol
D. Lithium
Rationale: Donepezil inhibits acetylcholinesterase reversibly, increasing
acetylcholine availability in the CNS.
3. Which drug is indicated primarily for moderate to severe Alzheimer
disease?
A. Donepezil
B. Rivastigmine
C. Galantamine
, D. Memantine
Rationale: Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist used in moderate to
severe stages of Alzheimer disease.
4. What is the mechanism of action of memantine?
A. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition
B. Dopamine agonism
C. NMDA receptor antagonism reducing glutamate excitotoxicity
D. GABA enhancement
Rationale: Memantine blocks NMDA receptors and reduces calcium-
mediated excitotoxic neuronal damage.
5. A patient on donepezil is most likely to experience which adverse effect?
A. Hypertension
B. Weight gain
C. Diarrhea
D. Urinary retention
Rationale: Increased cholinergic activity commonly causes gastrointestinal
effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
6. Which drug is NOT a cholinesterase inhibitor?
A. Rivastigmine
B. Galantamine
C. Donepezil
D. Memantine
Rationale: Memantine works via NMDA receptor antagonism, not
acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
, 7. Which symptom is most improved by cholinesterase inhibitors?
A. Motor paralysis
B. Cognitive decline (memory and attention)
C. Seizures
D. Acute pain
Rationale: These drugs provide modest improvement in cognition and daily
functioning in early Alzheimer disease.
8. Which pathological hallmark is most associated with Alzheimer disease?
A. Lewy bodies
B. TDP-43 inclusions
C. Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
D. Demyelination
Rationale: Alzheimer disease is characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid
plaques and intracellular tau tangles.
9. Which stage of Alzheimer disease is most appropriate for initiating
cholinesterase inhibitor therapy?
A. Severe only
B. Mild to moderate
C. Terminal stage only
D. Asymptomatic stage
Rationale: Cholinesterase inhibitors are most effective in mild to moderate
stages of disease.
10.Which drug is also available as a transdermal patch?
A. Donepezil
B. Rivastigmine
C. Memantine
D. Tacrine
