AN INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL EDUCATION
CORE DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES REVIEW
2026
◉ Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972 (PARC vs Pennsylvania).
Answer: Court ruled that children were entitled to receive free
public education; parents had the right to be notified before any
change in educational program or placement. Equal protection.
◉ Exceptional Children.
Answer: Differ from the norm (either above or below) to such an
extent that they require an individualized program of special
education.
◉ Punishment.
Answer: Future occurrences of behavior decreases
◉ Reinforcement.
Answer: Future occurrences of behavior increases
, ◉ Individualized Education Program (IEP).
Answer: A written legal document that specifies a students goals,
services, and learning environments.
◉ At- Risk.
Answer: A greater that usual chance of developing a disability if
intervention is not provided
◉ Zero Reject.
Answer: Schools must educate all children with disabilities
regardless of the nature of severity of the disability. Principle of
IDEA.
◉ Least Restrictive Environment (LRE).
Answer: Children with disabilities should be educated with their
peers with our disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.
Principle of IDEA.
◉ Big Ideas in Special Education.
Answer: Teamwork, Effective Practices, Adult Success,
Characteristics, Historical Context
◉ Nondiscriminatory Identification and Evaluation.
CORE DISABILITY CATEGORIES AND
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION PRACTICES REVIEW
2026
◉ Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972 (PARC vs Pennsylvania).
Answer: Court ruled that children were entitled to receive free
public education; parents had the right to be notified before any
change in educational program or placement. Equal protection.
◉ Exceptional Children.
Answer: Differ from the norm (either above or below) to such an
extent that they require an individualized program of special
education.
◉ Punishment.
Answer: Future occurrences of behavior decreases
◉ Reinforcement.
Answer: Future occurrences of behavior increases
, ◉ Individualized Education Program (IEP).
Answer: A written legal document that specifies a students goals,
services, and learning environments.
◉ At- Risk.
Answer: A greater that usual chance of developing a disability if
intervention is not provided
◉ Zero Reject.
Answer: Schools must educate all children with disabilities
regardless of the nature of severity of the disability. Principle of
IDEA.
◉ Least Restrictive Environment (LRE).
Answer: Children with disabilities should be educated with their
peers with our disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.
Principle of IDEA.
◉ Big Ideas in Special Education.
Answer: Teamwork, Effective Practices, Adult Success,
Characteristics, Historical Context
◉ Nondiscriminatory Identification and Evaluation.
