AN INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL EDUCATION
COMPREHENSIVE SPECIAL EDUCATION
FOUNDATIONS STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Three -term Contingency.
Answer: Antecedent + Behavior + Consequence
◉ Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
Answer: Law regarding the education of children with disabilities.
Reauthorization of PL 94-142
◉ Remedial.
Answer: Special Education that attempts to eliminate the effects of a
disability through instruction
◉ Due Process.
Answer: Schools must protect the rights of students with disabilities.
Principle of IDEA.
◉ Explicit Instruction.
Answer: Carefully planned, clear and direct teaching with systematic
feedback.
,◉ Learning Disability (LD).
Answer: A significant discrepancy between general ability and
achievement that requires special education services.
◉ Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
Answer: A systematic approach to teaching based on scientifically
demonstrated principles that describe how the environment affects
learning.
◉ Present Levels of Performance (PLOP).
Answer: Component of the IEP that tells how a student is currently
preforming.
◉ Objectives and Benchmarks.
Answer: Component of the IEP that lists the steps towards reaching
an annual goal.
◉ Active Student Response (ASR).
Answer: An observable student response made to an instructional
antecedent.
◉ Compensatory.
, Answer: Special Education that teaches the use of skills or devices
that enable successful functioning in spite of a disability.
◉ Early Intervention.
Answer: A wide variety of educational and family services that
support early childhood development.
◉ Transition Component.
Answer: Portion of an IEP that focuses on secondary curriculum and
planning related to post secondary success.
◉ Siz Principles of IDEA.
Answer: zero reject, nondiscriminatory identification and
evaluation, free appropriate public education, least restrictive
environment, due process safeguards, and shared decision making
◉ Related Services.
Answer: Special transportations, counseling, or speech, physical, and
occupational therapy required to meet a student's IEP goals.
◉ Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972 (PARC vs Pennsylvania).
COMPREHENSIVE SPECIAL EDUCATION
FOUNDATIONS STUDY GUIDE 2026
◉ Three -term Contingency.
Answer: Antecedent + Behavior + Consequence
◉ Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
Answer: Law regarding the education of children with disabilities.
Reauthorization of PL 94-142
◉ Remedial.
Answer: Special Education that attempts to eliminate the effects of a
disability through instruction
◉ Due Process.
Answer: Schools must protect the rights of students with disabilities.
Principle of IDEA.
◉ Explicit Instruction.
Answer: Carefully planned, clear and direct teaching with systematic
feedback.
,◉ Learning Disability (LD).
Answer: A significant discrepancy between general ability and
achievement that requires special education services.
◉ Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
Answer: A systematic approach to teaching based on scientifically
demonstrated principles that describe how the environment affects
learning.
◉ Present Levels of Performance (PLOP).
Answer: Component of the IEP that tells how a student is currently
preforming.
◉ Objectives and Benchmarks.
Answer: Component of the IEP that lists the steps towards reaching
an annual goal.
◉ Active Student Response (ASR).
Answer: An observable student response made to an instructional
antecedent.
◉ Compensatory.
, Answer: Special Education that teaches the use of skills or devices
that enable successful functioning in spite of a disability.
◉ Early Intervention.
Answer: A wide variety of educational and family services that
support early childhood development.
◉ Transition Component.
Answer: Portion of an IEP that focuses on secondary curriculum and
planning related to post secondary success.
◉ Siz Principles of IDEA.
Answer: zero reject, nondiscriminatory identification and
evaluation, free appropriate public education, least restrictive
environment, due process safeguards, and shared decision making
◉ Related Services.
Answer: Special transportations, counseling, or speech, physical, and
occupational therapy required to meet a student's IEP goals.
◉ Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1972 (PARC vs Pennsylvania).
