A&P Questions with CORRECT Answers (Grade
A+)
Question:
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Answer:
To regulate body functions, maintain homeostasis, and facilitate communication via
hormones.
Question:
How do endocrine glands communi-cate with target cells?
Answer:
Through blood-borne hormones that influence target cells with specific receptors.
Question:
What are the major types of glands in Endocrine glands (ductless, secrete hormones into
Answer:
Question:
the endocrine system?
Answer:
the bloodstream) and exocrine glands (secrete through ducts).
Question:
What are paracrines and autocrines?
Answer:
Paracrines attect nearby cells, while autocrines af-
fect the secreting cell itself.
,Question:
What role do prostaglandins play in the body?
Answer:
They act as paracrine regulators, influencing smooth muscle contraction, secretion, and
inflam-mation.
Question:
How does the nervous system differ
Answer:
The nervous system uses neurotransmitters for
from the endocrine system in terms of rapid, short-lived responses, while the endocrine
Question:
communication?
Answer:
system uses hormones for slower, longer-lasting ettects.
Question:
What are steroid hormones and how do they function?
Answer:
Lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol that dittuse through cell membranes and
influence gene transcription.
Question:
What are nonsteroid hormones and their mechanism of action?
Answer:
Hormones that bind to membrane receptors and activate second messenger pathways like
cAMP.
,Question:
What primarily regulates hormone se- Negative feedback mechanisms, with some
Answer:
Question:
cretion?
Answer:
processes involving positive feedback.
Question:
What are the two lobes of the pituitary The anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the pos-
Answer:
Question:
gland?
Answer:
terior lobe (neurohypophysis).
Question:
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
Answer:
Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thy-roid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
adrenocorti-cotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hor-mone (FSH), and luteinizing
hormone (LH).
Question:
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
, Answer:
Promotes water reabsorption in kidneys and con-stricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure.
Question:
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
Answer:
T4 (thyroxine), T3 (triiodothyronine), and calci-tonin.
Question:
What is hyperthyroidism and its symptoms?
Answer:
Excess thyroid hormones causing high metabolic rate, weight loss, protruding eyes, and
goiter.
Question:
What is the role of parathyroid hor-mone (PTH)?
Answer:
Raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium
reabsorption in kidneys.
Question:
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
Answer:
Aldosterone, cortisol, and adrenal androgens.
Question:
What triggers aldosterone secretion? Elevated potassium levels, decreased sodium, and
Answer:
A+)
Question:
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
Answer:
To regulate body functions, maintain homeostasis, and facilitate communication via
hormones.
Question:
How do endocrine glands communi-cate with target cells?
Answer:
Through blood-borne hormones that influence target cells with specific receptors.
Question:
What are the major types of glands in Endocrine glands (ductless, secrete hormones into
Answer:
Question:
the endocrine system?
Answer:
the bloodstream) and exocrine glands (secrete through ducts).
Question:
What are paracrines and autocrines?
Answer:
Paracrines attect nearby cells, while autocrines af-
fect the secreting cell itself.
,Question:
What role do prostaglandins play in the body?
Answer:
They act as paracrine regulators, influencing smooth muscle contraction, secretion, and
inflam-mation.
Question:
How does the nervous system differ
Answer:
The nervous system uses neurotransmitters for
from the endocrine system in terms of rapid, short-lived responses, while the endocrine
Question:
communication?
Answer:
system uses hormones for slower, longer-lasting ettects.
Question:
What are steroid hormones and how do they function?
Answer:
Lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol that dittuse through cell membranes and
influence gene transcription.
Question:
What are nonsteroid hormones and their mechanism of action?
Answer:
Hormones that bind to membrane receptors and activate second messenger pathways like
cAMP.
,Question:
What primarily regulates hormone se- Negative feedback mechanisms, with some
Answer:
Question:
cretion?
Answer:
processes involving positive feedback.
Question:
What are the two lobes of the pituitary The anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the pos-
Answer:
Question:
gland?
Answer:
terior lobe (neurohypophysis).
Question:
What hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
Answer:
Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thy-roid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
adrenocorti-cotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hor-mone (FSH), and luteinizing
hormone (LH).
Question:
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
, Answer:
Promotes water reabsorption in kidneys and con-stricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure.
Question:
What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?
Answer:
T4 (thyroxine), T3 (triiodothyronine), and calci-tonin.
Question:
What is hyperthyroidism and its symptoms?
Answer:
Excess thyroid hormones causing high metabolic rate, weight loss, protruding eyes, and
goiter.
Question:
What is the role of parathyroid hor-mone (PTH)?
Answer:
Raises blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and increasing calcium
reabsorption in kidneys.
Question:
What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
Answer:
Aldosterone, cortisol, and adrenal androgens.
Question:
What triggers aldosterone secretion? Elevated potassium levels, decreased sodium, and
Answer:
