Rasmussen University
2 MAXE · 1CDM
★ ★
R School of Nursing
EST. 1900
EMPOWERED LEARNING. INSPIRED FUTURES.
MDC 1 — Examination 2 Study Guide
S E N S O RY · M O B I L I TY · E X E R C I S E · F RACT U R E S · T RACT I O N · DV T
INSTITUTION Rasmussen University COURSE CODE MDC1
PROGRAM Associate of Science in Nursing — ACADEMIC YEAR
ADN
EXAM TITLE MDC 1 Exam 2 — Study Guide COURSE TITLE Multidimensional Care I
TOTAL QUESTIONS 110 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each multiple-choice question.
▸ Content covers sensory impairments, eye/ear disorders, mobility, exercise physiology, post-operative
care, fractures, traction, and DVT.
▸ Normal lab values, positioning, and nursing interventions are integrated throughout rationales.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question for board review purposes.
, COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE Questions 1 – 110
1. What are appropriate nursing interventions for a patient with visual impairment?
A. Speak loudly, rearrange the room frequently, and avoid orienting the patient
B. Always knock or announce entrance, orient the patient to the environment by counting
steps to the bathroom, help place objects and do not move them without permission,
remove clutter between bed and bathroom, and use a normal tone of voice
C. Keep the room dark and avoid verbal communication
D. Move objects frequently to keep the patient alert
CORRECT ANSWER B — Knock/announce entrance, orient to environment, count steps, help
place objects (do not move without permission), remove clutter, use
normal tone of voice.
RATIONALE Patients with visual impairment rely on consistency, memory, and other senses.
The nurse must: (1) Always knock or announce entrance and introduce self —
prevents startling. (2) Orient to the environment — count steps to the bathroom
so the patient can navigate independently. (3) Help place objects on the bedside
table and around the room — do NOT move them without permission (disrupts
the patient's mental map). (4) Remove all clutter between the bed and bathroom
— fall prevention. (5) Use a normal tone of voice — visual impairment does not
affect hearing; speaking loudly is unnecessary and patronizing.
, 2. What is anisocoria?
A. Protrusion of the eyeballs
B. A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size
C. Sunken eyes
D. Drooping of the eyelid
CORRECT ANSWER B — A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size.
RATIONALE Anisocoria = unequal pupil size. It can be a normal variant (physiological
anisocoria — present in ~20% of the population) or a sign of neurological
pathology (stroke, brain injury, cranial nerve III compression from increased ICP,
or Horner's syndrome). The nurse must assess for anisocoria during neurological
exams. Exophthalmos = protrusion of eyeballs (Graves' disease). Enophthalmos =
sunken eyes. Ptosis = drooping eyelid. Any sudden onset of anisocoria requires
immediate evaluation — it may indicate a life-threatening condition such as uncal
herniation.
3. What is exophthalmos and what condition is it associated with?
A. Sunken eyes associated with dehydration
B. Protrusion of the eyeballs, as seen in Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)
C. Unequal pupils associated with stroke
D. Drooping eyelid associated with myasthenia gravis
CORRECT ANSWER B — Protrusion of the eyeballs, as seen in Graves disease (hyperthyroidism).
RATIONALE Exophthalmos = abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs caused by inflammation and
edema of retro-orbital tissues and infiltration of extraocular muscles. It is a
hallmark sign of Graves' disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism). TSH receptor
antibodies stimulate fibroblasts in the orbit → increased glycosaminoglycans →
osmotic swelling → eye protrusion. Complications: corneal exposure (cannot fully
close eyelids), diplopia, and optic nerve compression. The nurse must protect the
eyes with lubricating drops, sunglasses, and in severe cases, surgical
decompression. Enophthalmos (sunken eyes), ptosis (drooping lid), and
anisocoria (unequal pupils) are different conditions.
2 MAXE · 1CDM
★ ★
R School of Nursing
EST. 1900
EMPOWERED LEARNING. INSPIRED FUTURES.
MDC 1 — Examination 2 Study Guide
S E N S O RY · M O B I L I TY · E X E R C I S E · F RACT U R E S · T RACT I O N · DV T
INSTITUTION Rasmussen University COURSE CODE MDC1
PROGRAM Associate of Science in Nursing — ACADEMIC YEAR
ADN
EXAM TITLE MDC 1 Exam 2 — Study Guide COURSE TITLE Multidimensional Care I
TOTAL QUESTIONS 110 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each multiple-choice question.
▸ Content covers sensory impairments, eye/ear disorders, mobility, exercise physiology, post-operative
care, fractures, traction, and DVT.
▸ Normal lab values, positioning, and nursing interventions are integrated throughout rationales.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question for board review purposes.
, COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE Questions 1 – 110
1. What are appropriate nursing interventions for a patient with visual impairment?
A. Speak loudly, rearrange the room frequently, and avoid orienting the patient
B. Always knock or announce entrance, orient the patient to the environment by counting
steps to the bathroom, help place objects and do not move them without permission,
remove clutter between bed and bathroom, and use a normal tone of voice
C. Keep the room dark and avoid verbal communication
D. Move objects frequently to keep the patient alert
CORRECT ANSWER B — Knock/announce entrance, orient to environment, count steps, help
place objects (do not move without permission), remove clutter, use
normal tone of voice.
RATIONALE Patients with visual impairment rely on consistency, memory, and other senses.
The nurse must: (1) Always knock or announce entrance and introduce self —
prevents startling. (2) Orient to the environment — count steps to the bathroom
so the patient can navigate independently. (3) Help place objects on the bedside
table and around the room — do NOT move them without permission (disrupts
the patient's mental map). (4) Remove all clutter between the bed and bathroom
— fall prevention. (5) Use a normal tone of voice — visual impairment does not
affect hearing; speaking loudly is unnecessary and patronizing.
, 2. What is anisocoria?
A. Protrusion of the eyeballs
B. A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size
C. Sunken eyes
D. Drooping of the eyelid
CORRECT ANSWER B — A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size.
RATIONALE Anisocoria = unequal pupil size. It can be a normal variant (physiological
anisocoria — present in ~20% of the population) or a sign of neurological
pathology (stroke, brain injury, cranial nerve III compression from increased ICP,
or Horner's syndrome). The nurse must assess for anisocoria during neurological
exams. Exophthalmos = protrusion of eyeballs (Graves' disease). Enophthalmos =
sunken eyes. Ptosis = drooping eyelid. Any sudden onset of anisocoria requires
immediate evaluation — it may indicate a life-threatening condition such as uncal
herniation.
3. What is exophthalmos and what condition is it associated with?
A. Sunken eyes associated with dehydration
B. Protrusion of the eyeballs, as seen in Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)
C. Unequal pupils associated with stroke
D. Drooping eyelid associated with myasthenia gravis
CORRECT ANSWER B — Protrusion of the eyeballs, as seen in Graves disease (hyperthyroidism).
RATIONALE Exophthalmos = abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs caused by inflammation and
edema of retro-orbital tissues and infiltration of extraocular muscles. It is a
hallmark sign of Graves' disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism). TSH receptor
antibodies stimulate fibroblasts in the orbit → increased glycosaminoglycans →
osmotic swelling → eye protrusion. Complications: corneal exposure (cannot fully
close eyelids), diplopia, and optic nerve compression. The nurse must protect the
eyes with lubricating drops, sunglasses, and in severe cases, surgical
decompression. Enophthalmos (sunken eyes), ptosis (drooping lid), and
anisocoria (unequal pupils) are different conditions.
