Rasmussen University
LANIF · 1CDM
★ ★
R School of Nursing
EST. 1900
EMPOWERED LEARNING. INSPIRED FUTURES.
MDC 1 — Final Exam Study Guide 2
I N F E CT I O N · I M M U N I TY · I N F L A M M AT I O N · H I V/A I D S · ST I S · A N T I B I OT I CS
INSTITUTION Rasmussen University COURSE CODE MDC1
PROGRAM Associate of Science in Nursing — ACADEMIC YEAR
ADN
EXAM TITLE MDC 1 Final Exam — Study Guide 2 COURSE TITLE Multidimensional Care I
TOTAL QUESTIONS 95 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each multiple-choice question.
▸ Content covers infection control, immunity, inflammatory disorders, HIV/AIDS, antibiotics, and STIs.
▸ Lab values, nursing interventions, and patient education are integrated throughout rationales.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question for board review purposes.
, COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Questions 1 – 95
1. What is an infection?
A. An allergic reaction to environmental triggers
B. Invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi,
protozoa, helminths) in the body
C. An autoimmune attack on healthy tissue
D. A genetic disorder causing immune deficiency
CORRECT ANSWER B — Invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the body.
RATIONALE Infection = the successful invasion, multiplication, and colonization of pathogenic
microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths) in host tissue,
causing cellular injury and clinical signs/symptoms. The chain of infection has 6
links: causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, and susceptible host. Breaking any link stops the infection. The nurse's role
is to prevent, control, and teach infection prevention strategies.
2. What is the difference between communicable and noncommunicable infections?
A. Communicable = viral; Noncommunicable = bacterial
B. Communicable: spread from person to person (influenza, TB). Noncommunicable: not
spread person-to-person (tetanus from soil)
C. Both terms mean the same thing
D. Communicable = treatable; Noncommunicable = untreatable
CORRECT ANSWER B — Communicable spreads person-to-person (influenza, TB);
Noncommunicable does not (tetanus from soil).
RATIONALE Communicable (contagious) infections are transmitted from one person to
another through direct contact, droplets, airborne, or vectors — examples:
influenza, tuberculosis, COVID-19, measles. Noncommunicable infections are
acquired from the environment, not from another person — examples: tetanus
(from soil bacteria entering a wound), Legionnaires' disease (from contaminated
water), and food poisoning (from contaminated food). The nurse must know the
transmission mode to implement appropriate isolation precautions.
, 3. What is the nursing role in infection prevention?
A. Only administer antibiotics as prescribed
B. Prevent, control, and teach infection prevention strategies
C. Only document infection signs and symptoms
D. Only isolate infected patients
CORRECT ANSWER B — Prevent, control, and teach infection prevention strategies.
RATIONALE The nurse's role in infection is comprehensive: PREVENT (hand hygiene, PPE,
sterile technique, vaccinations, proper waste disposal), CONTROL (identify
infections early, implement appropriate isolation precautions, report
communicable diseases), and TEACH (patient/family education about infection
prevention, hand hygiene, medication adherence, wound care, and recognizing
signs of infection). Infection prevention is a primary nursing responsibility across
all settings — acute care, long-term care, community, and home health. The nurse
is the first line of defense in breaking the chain of infection.
4. What are the 6 links in the chain of infection?
A. Inflammation, immunity, infection, healing, recovery, rehabilitation
B. Causative agent, Reservoir, Portal of exit, Mode of transmission, Portal of entry,
Susceptible host
C. Exposure, incubation, prodrome, illness, decline, convalescence
D. Bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite, protozoa, helminth
CORRECT ANSWER B — 1. Causative agent, 2. Reservoir, 3. Portal of exit, 4. Mode of
transmission, 5. Portal of entry, 6. Susceptible host.
RATIONALE The chain of infection: (1) Causative agent — the pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungi,
parasite). (2) Reservoir — where the pathogen lives (human, animal, soil, water,
equipment). (3) Portal of exit — way out (respiratory droplets, blood, feces, urine,
open wounds). (4) Mode of transmission — direct contact, droplet, airborne,
vehicle (food/water), vector (mosquitoes, ticks). (5) Portal of entry — respiratory
tract, mucous membranes, broken skin, GI/GU tract. (6) Susceptible host —
people with decreased immunity, very young/old, chronically ill. BREAK ANY LINK
= STOP INFECTION! Interventions: hand hygiene, PPE, vaccination, sterilization,
proper waste disposal, isolation precautions.
LANIF · 1CDM
★ ★
R School of Nursing
EST. 1900
EMPOWERED LEARNING. INSPIRED FUTURES.
MDC 1 — Final Exam Study Guide 2
I N F E CT I O N · I M M U N I TY · I N F L A M M AT I O N · H I V/A I D S · ST I S · A N T I B I OT I CS
INSTITUTION Rasmussen University COURSE CODE MDC1
PROGRAM Associate of Science in Nursing — ACADEMIC YEAR
ADN
EXAM TITLE MDC 1 Final Exam — Study Guide 2 COURSE TITLE Multidimensional Care I
TOTAL QUESTIONS 95 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each multiple-choice question.
▸ Content covers infection control, immunity, inflammatory disorders, HIV/AIDS, antibiotics, and STIs.
▸ Lab values, nursing interventions, and patient education are integrated throughout rationales.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question for board review purposes.
, COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Questions 1 – 95
1. What is an infection?
A. An allergic reaction to environmental triggers
B. Invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi,
protozoa, helminths) in the body
C. An autoimmune attack on healthy tissue
D. A genetic disorder causing immune deficiency
CORRECT ANSWER B — Invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the body.
RATIONALE Infection = the successful invasion, multiplication, and colonization of pathogenic
microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths) in host tissue,
causing cellular injury and clinical signs/symptoms. The chain of infection has 6
links: causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, and susceptible host. Breaking any link stops the infection. The nurse's role
is to prevent, control, and teach infection prevention strategies.
2. What is the difference between communicable and noncommunicable infections?
A. Communicable = viral; Noncommunicable = bacterial
B. Communicable: spread from person to person (influenza, TB). Noncommunicable: not
spread person-to-person (tetanus from soil)
C. Both terms mean the same thing
D. Communicable = treatable; Noncommunicable = untreatable
CORRECT ANSWER B — Communicable spreads person-to-person (influenza, TB);
Noncommunicable does not (tetanus from soil).
RATIONALE Communicable (contagious) infections are transmitted from one person to
another through direct contact, droplets, airborne, or vectors — examples:
influenza, tuberculosis, COVID-19, measles. Noncommunicable infections are
acquired from the environment, not from another person — examples: tetanus
(from soil bacteria entering a wound), Legionnaires' disease (from contaminated
water), and food poisoning (from contaminated food). The nurse must know the
transmission mode to implement appropriate isolation precautions.
, 3. What is the nursing role in infection prevention?
A. Only administer antibiotics as prescribed
B. Prevent, control, and teach infection prevention strategies
C. Only document infection signs and symptoms
D. Only isolate infected patients
CORRECT ANSWER B — Prevent, control, and teach infection prevention strategies.
RATIONALE The nurse's role in infection is comprehensive: PREVENT (hand hygiene, PPE,
sterile technique, vaccinations, proper waste disposal), CONTROL (identify
infections early, implement appropriate isolation precautions, report
communicable diseases), and TEACH (patient/family education about infection
prevention, hand hygiene, medication adherence, wound care, and recognizing
signs of infection). Infection prevention is a primary nursing responsibility across
all settings — acute care, long-term care, community, and home health. The nurse
is the first line of defense in breaking the chain of infection.
4. What are the 6 links in the chain of infection?
A. Inflammation, immunity, infection, healing, recovery, rehabilitation
B. Causative agent, Reservoir, Portal of exit, Mode of transmission, Portal of entry,
Susceptible host
C. Exposure, incubation, prodrome, illness, decline, convalescence
D. Bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite, protozoa, helminth
CORRECT ANSWER B — 1. Causative agent, 2. Reservoir, 3. Portal of exit, 4. Mode of
transmission, 5. Portal of entry, 6. Susceptible host.
RATIONALE The chain of infection: (1) Causative agent — the pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungi,
parasite). (2) Reservoir — where the pathogen lives (human, animal, soil, water,
equipment). (3) Portal of exit — way out (respiratory droplets, blood, feces, urine,
open wounds). (4) Mode of transmission — direct contact, droplet, airborne,
vehicle (food/water), vector (mosquitoes, ticks). (5) Portal of entry — respiratory
tract, mucous membranes, broken skin, GI/GU tract. (6) Susceptible host —
people with decreased immunity, very young/old, chronically ill. BREAK ANY LINK
= STOP INFECTION! Interventions: hand hygiene, PPE, vaccination, sterilization,
proper waste disposal, isolation precautions.
