BIOL251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab | Latest
Update 2026/2027 | 200 Questions and Verified Answers |
Module 9 Review | LockDown Browser Ready
1. Which of the following is an endocrine gland?
A) Sweat gland
B) Salivary gland
C) Thyroid gland
D) Sebaceous gland
Answer: C
Explanation: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Sweat, salivary, and
sebaceous glands are exocrine glands that secrete through ducts.
2. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel via:
A) Nerves
B) Blood
C) Lymph only
D) Diffusion through skin
Answer: B
Explanation: Hormones are released into the bloodstream and transported to target cells throughout
the body.
,3. Which gland is often called the "master gland" of the endocrine system?
A) Thyroid
B) Pineal
C) Pituitary
D) Adrenal
Answer: C
Explanation: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it produces hormones that control
other endocrine glands.
4. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland via:
A) Neural signals only
B) Releasing and inhibiting hormones
C) Direct electrical impulses
D) Osmotic pressure
Answer: B
Explanation: The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the
hypophyseal portal system to regulate anterior pituitary function.
5. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary?
A) GH
B) TSH
C) ADH
,D) ACTH
Answer: C
Explanation: The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin, both
of which are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
6. Growth hormone is secreted by the:
A) Anterior pituitary
B) Posterior pituitary
C) Thyroid
D) Pancreas
Answer: A
Explanation: Growth hormone (GH) is produced and secreted by somatotropic cells in the anterior
pituitary gland.
7. The thyroid gland is located:
A) Above the kidneys
B) In the neck, below the larynx
C) At the base of the brain
D) Behind the sternum
Answer: B
Explanation: The thyroid gland is situated in the anterior neck, inferior to the larynx (voice box).
, 8. Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) require which trace element?
A) Iron
B) Iodine
C) Zinc
D) Calcium
Answer: B
Explanation: Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4
(thyroxine).
9. Calcitonin is released when blood calcium levels are:
A) High
B) Low
C) Normal
D) Fluctuating
Answer: A
Explanation: Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland in response to high blood calcium levels and
lowers blood Ca²⁺ by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
10. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by:
A) Increasing bone deposition
B) Stimulating osteoclast activity
Update 2026/2027 | 200 Questions and Verified Answers |
Module 9 Review | LockDown Browser Ready
1. Which of the following is an endocrine gland?
A) Sweat gland
B) Salivary gland
C) Thyroid gland
D) Sebaceous gland
Answer: C
Explanation: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Sweat, salivary, and
sebaceous glands are exocrine glands that secrete through ducts.
2. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel via:
A) Nerves
B) Blood
C) Lymph only
D) Diffusion through skin
Answer: B
Explanation: Hormones are released into the bloodstream and transported to target cells throughout
the body.
,3. Which gland is often called the "master gland" of the endocrine system?
A) Thyroid
B) Pineal
C) Pituitary
D) Adrenal
Answer: C
Explanation: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it produces hormones that control
other endocrine glands.
4. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland via:
A) Neural signals only
B) Releasing and inhibiting hormones
C) Direct electrical impulses
D) Osmotic pressure
Answer: B
Explanation: The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the
hypophyseal portal system to regulate anterior pituitary function.
5. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary?
A) GH
B) TSH
C) ADH
,D) ACTH
Answer: C
Explanation: The posterior pituitary stores and releases ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin, both
of which are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
6. Growth hormone is secreted by the:
A) Anterior pituitary
B) Posterior pituitary
C) Thyroid
D) Pancreas
Answer: A
Explanation: Growth hormone (GH) is produced and secreted by somatotropic cells in the anterior
pituitary gland.
7. The thyroid gland is located:
A) Above the kidneys
B) In the neck, below the larynx
C) At the base of the brain
D) Behind the sternum
Answer: B
Explanation: The thyroid gland is situated in the anterior neck, inferior to the larynx (voice box).
, 8. Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) require which trace element?
A) Iron
B) Iodine
C) Zinc
D) Calcium
Answer: B
Explanation: Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4
(thyroxine).
9. Calcitonin is released when blood calcium levels are:
A) High
B) Low
C) Normal
D) Fluctuating
Answer: A
Explanation: Calcitonin is released by the thyroid gland in response to high blood calcium levels and
lowers blood Ca²⁺ by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
10. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by:
A) Increasing bone deposition
B) Stimulating osteoclast activity
