,Chapter 02: Dental Hygiene Metaparadigm Concepts and Conceptual Models Applied
to Practice
Bowen: Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice, 5th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Each of the following is a paradigm concept of the dental hygiene discipline EXCEPT one.
Which is the EXCEPTION?
a. Dental hygiene actions
b. Health and oral health
c. Environment
d. Patient
e. Client
ANS: D
The term client was selected as a paradigm concept, rather than the term patient, because the
term client is broad, suggests wellness rather than illness, and represents an active rather than
passive relationship with the dental hygienist.
DIF: Application REF: 12 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
2. The surroundings in which the client and dental hygienist are interacting is the concept of
a. dental hygiene actions.
b. environment.
c. health and oral health.
d. client.
ANS: B
This concept includes social, ethno-cultural, financial, political, and educational factors that
can be barriers or facilitators to health, oral health, and dental hygiene actions. The
environment affects the client and the dental hygienist, and the client and the dental hygienist
also influence the environment.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
3. Which concept includes the surroundings where the client and dental hygienist interact?
a. health/oral health.
b. environment.
c. dental hygiene actions.
d. client.
ANS: C
The concept of dental hygiene action is defined as the interventions provided by a dental
hygienist for the benefit of, and in collaboration with, the client to promote oral health and
wellness and prevent oral disease.
, DIF: Comprehension REF: 13 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
4. “Biologically sound and functional dentition” is a feature of the
a. Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model.
b. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Model.
c. Client Self-Care Commitment Model.
d. paradigm concept of the dental hygiene discipline.
ANS: A
It is one of the eight human needs related to dental hygiene care in the Dental Hygiene Human
Needs Conceptual Model. It draws upon the four dental hygiene disciplinary concepts to
develop an understanding of client human needs throughout the dental hygiene process of
care.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 19 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
5. Which clinical dental hygiene conceptual practice model emphasizes the client’s perceptions
of and reactions to their own health status?
a. Paradigm concept of the dental hygiene discipline
b. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Model
c. Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model
d. Client Self-Care Commitment Model
ANS: B
The Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Model was developed by dental hygiene
educator-researchers at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. It specifically assesses the
domains of symptom status, functional status, and oral health perceptions.
DIF: Recall REF: 20 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
6. The model that involves clients as co-therapists in their own oral health decisions is the
a. Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model.
b. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Model.
c. Client Self-Care Commitment Model.
d. paradigm concept of the dental hygiene discipline.
ANS: C
The model is based on the premise that effectively involving clients as co-therapists in their
oral health decisions, enhances motivation, commitment, and compliance with oral self-care.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 23 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
7. In the Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model, the client is viewed as having how
many human needs especially related to dental hygiene care?
, a. Two
b. Four
c. Six
d. Eight
ANS: D
The needs are protection from health risks, freedom from fear and stress, freedom from pain,
wholesome facial image, skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck,
biologically sound and functional dentition, conceptualization and problem solving, and
responsibility for oral health.
DIF: Recall REF: 17 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
8. The presence of chronic periodontal disease for fictional client Edward Gilly indicates a deficit of
which need according to the Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model?
a. Protection from health risks
b. Responsibility for oral health
c. Skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck
d. Wholesome facial image
ANS: C
Dental hygienist Siobhan McNicol would likely find a human need deficit for skin and
mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck given the chronic periodontal disease
condition.
DIF: Application REF: 15 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
9. When Pia Tran informs dental hygienist, Mark Rosenberg, that she does not support the use of
fluoride, Mark would likely begin to engage Pia in conceptualization and problem solving as
well as responsibility for oral health with respect to her children’s dentition from the
perspective of
a. human needs.
b. quality of life.
c. client self-care.
d. dental hygiene action.
ANS: A
Mark would likely initiate this conversation from a human needs perspective given the
presence of potential carious lesions and Pia’s concern about them. Dental hygiene action is
one of the paradigm concepts.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 14-15 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
to Practice
Bowen: Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene: Theory and Practice, 5th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Each of the following is a paradigm concept of the dental hygiene discipline EXCEPT one.
Which is the EXCEPTION?
a. Dental hygiene actions
b. Health and oral health
c. Environment
d. Patient
e. Client
ANS: D
The term client was selected as a paradigm concept, rather than the term patient, because the
term client is broad, suggests wellness rather than illness, and represents an active rather than
passive relationship with the dental hygienist.
DIF: Application REF: 12 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
2. The surroundings in which the client and dental hygienist are interacting is the concept of
a. dental hygiene actions.
b. environment.
c. health and oral health.
d. client.
ANS: B
This concept includes social, ethno-cultural, financial, political, and educational factors that
can be barriers or facilitators to health, oral health, and dental hygiene actions. The
environment affects the client and the dental hygienist, and the client and the dental hygienist
also influence the environment.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 12 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
3. Which concept includes the surroundings where the client and dental hygienist interact?
a. health/oral health.
b. environment.
c. dental hygiene actions.
d. client.
ANS: C
The concept of dental hygiene action is defined as the interventions provided by a dental
hygienist for the benefit of, and in collaboration with, the client to promote oral health and
wellness and prevent oral disease.
, DIF: Comprehension REF: 13 OBJ: 1
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
4. “Biologically sound and functional dentition” is a feature of the
a. Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model.
b. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Model.
c. Client Self-Care Commitment Model.
d. paradigm concept of the dental hygiene discipline.
ANS: A
It is one of the eight human needs related to dental hygiene care in the Dental Hygiene Human
Needs Conceptual Model. It draws upon the four dental hygiene disciplinary concepts to
develop an understanding of client human needs throughout the dental hygiene process of
care.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 19 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
5. Which clinical dental hygiene conceptual practice model emphasizes the client’s perceptions
of and reactions to their own health status?
a. Paradigm concept of the dental hygiene discipline
b. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Model
c. Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model
d. Client Self-Care Commitment Model
ANS: B
The Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Model was developed by dental hygiene
educator-researchers at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. It specifically assesses the
domains of symptom status, functional status, and oral health perceptions.
DIF: Recall REF: 20 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
6. The model that involves clients as co-therapists in their own oral health decisions is the
a. Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model.
b. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Model.
c. Client Self-Care Commitment Model.
d. paradigm concept of the dental hygiene discipline.
ANS: C
The model is based on the premise that effectively involving clients as co-therapists in their
oral health decisions, enhances motivation, commitment, and compliance with oral self-care.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 23 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
7. In the Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model, the client is viewed as having how
many human needs especially related to dental hygiene care?
, a. Two
b. Four
c. Six
d. Eight
ANS: D
The needs are protection from health risks, freedom from fear and stress, freedom from pain,
wholesome facial image, skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck,
biologically sound and functional dentition, conceptualization and problem solving, and
responsibility for oral health.
DIF: Recall REF: 17 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
8. The presence of chronic periodontal disease for fictional client Edward Gilly indicates a deficit of
which need according to the Dental Hygiene Human Needs Conceptual Model?
a. Protection from health risks
b. Responsibility for oral health
c. Skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck
d. Wholesome facial image
ANS: C
Dental hygienist Siobhan McNicol would likely find a human need deficit for skin and
mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck given the chronic periodontal disease
condition.
DIF: Application REF: 15 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
9. When Pia Tran informs dental hygienist, Mark Rosenberg, that she does not support the use of
fluoride, Mark would likely begin to engage Pia in conceptualization and problem solving as
well as responsibility for oral health with respect to her children’s dentition from the
perspective of
a. human needs.
b. quality of life.
c. client self-care.
d. dental hygiene action.
ANS: A
Mark would likely initiate this conversation from a human needs perspective given the
presence of potential carious lesions and Pia’s concern about them. Dental hygiene action is
one of the paradigm concepts.
DIF: Comprehension REF: 14-15 OBJ: 2
TOP: NBDHE, Provision of Clinical Dental Hygiene Services, 3.0 Planning and Managing Dental
Hygiene Care
