NRS 2010 - Pathophysiology
OAKLAND UNIVERSITY NRS 2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 LATEST 2026/2027 UPDATE |100% ORIGINAL
QUESTION AND ANSWER|SCORE A
A nurse working on a gerontology unit notes that the majority of the clients on the unit
are prescribed antihypertensive medications.
When it comes to the aging process, which phenomenon is primarily a contributing factor
to hypertension in the older adult population? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
b. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow
c. Stiffening of large arteries like the aorta
d. Increased sensitivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
e. increase renal perfusion
a, b, c
The nurse is hearing diminished breath sounds and a "grating" sound during respirations.
This is consistent with excess collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.
The medical term for this is:
a. Pleural effusion
b. Pleurisy
c. Poor lung compliance
d. Pneumothorax
a
A pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission to the hospital is considered:
a. community acquired pneumonia
b. hospital acquired pneumonia
c. viral pneumonia
d. immunocompromised pneumonia
,NRS 2010 - Pathophysiology
b
When educating a student who lives in a crowded apartment and diagnosed with
tuberculosis, the college school nurse will emphasize,
a. "Once your fever goes away you can stop taking the streptomycin injection"
b. "If isoniazid makes you nauseous we can substitute something milder"
c. "To destroy the bacterium you must strictly adhere to a long-term drug regimen"
d. "You will have to wear an N95 mask on campus at all times"
c
Which of the following statements best captures the etiology of the acute response phase
of extrinsic (atopic) asthma?
a. IgG production is heightened as a consequence of exposure to an allergen.
b. Airway remodeling results in airflow limitations.
c. Epithelial injury and edema occur along with changes in mucociliary function.
d. Chemical mediators are released from presensitized mast cells.
d
What would hypercapnia cause?
a. Increased serum pH
b. Decreased respirations
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Decreased carbonic acid in the blood
c
Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
,NRS 2010 - Pathophysiology
d. Metabolic acidosis
b
Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated
or decompensated)?
a. Serum bicarbonate
b. PaCO2
c. Serum pH
d. Urine pH
b
What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?
a. The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions
b. The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions
c. The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions
d. An increase in respiratory rate
b
Which acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases?
- Serum bicarbonate: 36.5
- PCO2: 75
- Serum pH: 7.0
a. Compensated metabolic alkalosis
b. Decompensated metabolic acidosis
c. Compensated respiratory acidosis
d. Decompensated respiratory acidosis
d
The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:
, NRS 2010 - Pathophysiology
a. bacterial infection.
b. cancer tumor.
c. damage of lung tissue due to smoking.
d. emphysema.
a
What does the term hemoptysis refer to?
a. Thick, dark red sputum associated with pneumococcal infection
b. Redish-brown granular blood found in ovmitus
c. Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum
d. Bloody exudate in the pleural cavity
c
Orthopnea is:
a. very deep, rapid respirations
b. difficulty breathing when lying down
c. waking up suddenly, coughing, and struggling for breath
d. noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi
b
What is the most common casue of viral pneumonia?
a. Rhinovirus
b. Influenza virus
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Pneumococcus
b
Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?
a. Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum
OAKLAND UNIVERSITY NRS 2010 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 LATEST 2026/2027 UPDATE |100% ORIGINAL
QUESTION AND ANSWER|SCORE A
A nurse working on a gerontology unit notes that the majority of the clients on the unit
are prescribed antihypertensive medications.
When it comes to the aging process, which phenomenon is primarily a contributing factor
to hypertension in the older adult population? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increased peripheral vascular resistance
b. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow
c. Stiffening of large arteries like the aorta
d. Increased sensitivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
e. increase renal perfusion
a, b, c
The nurse is hearing diminished breath sounds and a "grating" sound during respirations.
This is consistent with excess collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.
The medical term for this is:
a. Pleural effusion
b. Pleurisy
c. Poor lung compliance
d. Pneumothorax
a
A pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after admission to the hospital is considered:
a. community acquired pneumonia
b. hospital acquired pneumonia
c. viral pneumonia
d. immunocompromised pneumonia
,NRS 2010 - Pathophysiology
b
When educating a student who lives in a crowded apartment and diagnosed with
tuberculosis, the college school nurse will emphasize,
a. "Once your fever goes away you can stop taking the streptomycin injection"
b. "If isoniazid makes you nauseous we can substitute something milder"
c. "To destroy the bacterium you must strictly adhere to a long-term drug regimen"
d. "You will have to wear an N95 mask on campus at all times"
c
Which of the following statements best captures the etiology of the acute response phase
of extrinsic (atopic) asthma?
a. IgG production is heightened as a consequence of exposure to an allergen.
b. Airway remodeling results in airflow limitations.
c. Epithelial injury and edema occur along with changes in mucociliary function.
d. Chemical mediators are released from presensitized mast cells.
d
What would hypercapnia cause?
a. Increased serum pH
b. Decreased respirations
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Decreased carbonic acid in the blood
c
Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
,NRS 2010 - Pathophysiology
d. Metabolic acidosis
b
Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated
or decompensated)?
a. Serum bicarbonate
b. PaCO2
c. Serum pH
d. Urine pH
b
What would be the most effective compensation for respiratory acidosis?
a. The kidneys eliminating more bicarbonate ions
b. The kidneys producing more bicarbonate ions
c. The kidneys reabsorbing more hydrogen ions
d. An increase in respiratory rate
b
Which acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases?
- Serum bicarbonate: 36.5
- PCO2: 75
- Serum pH: 7.0
a. Compensated metabolic alkalosis
b. Decompensated metabolic acidosis
c. Compensated respiratory acidosis
d. Decompensated respiratory acidosis
d
The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:
, NRS 2010 - Pathophysiology
a. bacterial infection.
b. cancer tumor.
c. damage of lung tissue due to smoking.
d. emphysema.
a
What does the term hemoptysis refer to?
a. Thick, dark red sputum associated with pneumococcal infection
b. Redish-brown granular blood found in ovmitus
c. Bright red streaks of blood in frothy sputum
d. Bloody exudate in the pleural cavity
c
Orthopnea is:
a. very deep, rapid respirations
b. difficulty breathing when lying down
c. waking up suddenly, coughing, and struggling for breath
d. noisy breathing with stridor or rhonchi
b
What is the most common casue of viral pneumonia?
a. Rhinovirus
b. Influenza virus
c. Haemophilus influenzae
d. Pneumococcus
b
Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?
a. Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum
