BIO 235 EXAM 1 ATHABASCA UNIVERSITY COMPLETE
STUDY GUIDE WITH HIGH-YIELD PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
DETAILED ANSWER EXPLANATIONS AND RATIONALES, KEY
BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT REVIEWS, APPLICATION-BASED
EXERCISES, AND COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREPARATION
TOOLS – 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATED EDITION
Anatomy - ANSWER-the science of body structures and the
relationships among them
dissection - ANSWER-the careful cutting apart of body
structures to study their relationships
physiology - ANSWER-the study of how the body and its parts
work or function
chemical level of organization - ANSWER-atoms and molecules
cellular level of organization - ANSWER-molecules combine to
form cells
tissue level of organization - ANSWER-groups of cells and the
materials surrounding them that work together to perform a
particular function
,organ level of organization - ANSWER-structures that are
composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have
specific functions
System level of structural organization - ANSWER-consists of
related organs with a common function
organismal level of structural organization - ANSWER-all organ
systems combined to make the whole organism
11 systems of the human body - ANSWER-1. Integumentary
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
5. Endocrine
6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
,11. Reproductive
functions of integumentary system - ANSWER-protection, body
temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic
functions, blood reservoir, excretion
components of integumentary system - ANSWER-skin, hair,
nails, sweat glands, oil glands, mammary glands
Functions of the skeletal system - ANSWER-support, storage of
minerals and lipids, blood cell production, protection, leverage
components of skeletal system - ANSWER-All Bones, Joints,
Cartilage, Ligaments
Functions of the muscular system - ANSWER-movement,
posture, joint stability, heat production
components of muscular system - ANSWER-skeletal muscles
Functions of the nervous system - ANSWER-Generates action
potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects
changes in body's internal and external environments,
, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular
contractions or glandular secretions
Components of the Nervous System - ANSWER-brain, spinal
cord, nerves
functions of the endocrine system - ANSWER-Regulates body
activities by releasing hormones
components of endocrine system - ANSWER-
Hormoneproducing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus,
pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands,
adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-
producing cells in several other organs
Functions of the cardiovascular system - ANSWER-Heart pumps
blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and
nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from
cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and
water content of body fluids; blood components help defend
against disease and repair damaged blood vessels
STUDY GUIDE WITH HIGH-YIELD PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
DETAILED ANSWER EXPLANATIONS AND RATIONALES, KEY
BIOLOGICAL CONCEPT REVIEWS, APPLICATION-BASED
EXERCISES, AND COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREPARATION
TOOLS – 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATED EDITION
Anatomy - ANSWER-the science of body structures and the
relationships among them
dissection - ANSWER-the careful cutting apart of body
structures to study their relationships
physiology - ANSWER-the study of how the body and its parts
work or function
chemical level of organization - ANSWER-atoms and molecules
cellular level of organization - ANSWER-molecules combine to
form cells
tissue level of organization - ANSWER-groups of cells and the
materials surrounding them that work together to perform a
particular function
,organ level of organization - ANSWER-structures that are
composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have
specific functions
System level of structural organization - ANSWER-consists of
related organs with a common function
organismal level of structural organization - ANSWER-all organ
systems combined to make the whole organism
11 systems of the human body - ANSWER-1. Integumentary
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
5. Endocrine
6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
,11. Reproductive
functions of integumentary system - ANSWER-protection, body
temperature regulation, cutaneous sensation, metabolic
functions, blood reservoir, excretion
components of integumentary system - ANSWER-skin, hair,
nails, sweat glands, oil glands, mammary glands
Functions of the skeletal system - ANSWER-support, storage of
minerals and lipids, blood cell production, protection, leverage
components of skeletal system - ANSWER-All Bones, Joints,
Cartilage, Ligaments
Functions of the muscular system - ANSWER-movement,
posture, joint stability, heat production
components of muscular system - ANSWER-skeletal muscles
Functions of the nervous system - ANSWER-Generates action
potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects
changes in body's internal and external environments,
, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular
contractions or glandular secretions
Components of the Nervous System - ANSWER-brain, spinal
cord, nerves
functions of the endocrine system - ANSWER-Regulates body
activities by releasing hormones
components of endocrine system - ANSWER-
Hormoneproducing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus,
pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands,
adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes) and hormone-
producing cells in several other organs
Functions of the cardiovascular system - ANSWER-Heart pumps
blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and
nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from
cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and
water content of body fluids; blood components help defend
against disease and repair damaged blood vessels
