WGU C190 INTRO TO BIOLOGY
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ electron
Answer: A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
◉ covalent bond
Answer: A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons
between atoms in a molecule
◉ ionic bond
Answer: A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between
oppositely charged ions.
◉ hydrogen bond
Answer: weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another
atom
◉ organic molecules
Answer: contain skeleton structures of carbon with hydrogen and
oxygen
,◉ inorganic molecules
Answer: non-carbon based molecules
◉ monomers
Answer: A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a
polymer.
◉ polymer
Answer: A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical
monomers linked together.
◉ Carbohydrates
Answer: (sugars)store energy; provide structural support; facilitate
communication
◉ lipids
Answer: (fatty acids) provide energy (long term); serve as structural
components of membranes
◉ nucleic acids
Answer: (nucleotides) store genetic information, used in protein
synthesis
, ◉ proteins
Answer: (amino acids) serve as structural components of tissues;
facilitate and speed up biochemical reactions (enzymes); participate
in communication
◉ cell membrane
Answer: provides a barrier between the interior and exterior of the
cell it regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell
◉ Cytoplasm
Answer: fluid inside the cell in which the chemical reactions that
enabe life take place
◉ Ribosomes
Answer: build all the proteins needed by the cell
◉ cell wall
Answer: strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some
cells
◉ flagellum
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ electron
Answer: A subatomic particle that has a negative charge
◉ covalent bond
Answer: A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons
between atoms in a molecule
◉ ionic bond
Answer: A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between
oppositely charged ions.
◉ hydrogen bond
Answer: weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another
atom
◉ organic molecules
Answer: contain skeleton structures of carbon with hydrogen and
oxygen
,◉ inorganic molecules
Answer: non-carbon based molecules
◉ monomers
Answer: A chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a
polymer.
◉ polymer
Answer: A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical
monomers linked together.
◉ Carbohydrates
Answer: (sugars)store energy; provide structural support; facilitate
communication
◉ lipids
Answer: (fatty acids) provide energy (long term); serve as structural
components of membranes
◉ nucleic acids
Answer: (nucleotides) store genetic information, used in protein
synthesis
, ◉ proteins
Answer: (amino acids) serve as structural components of tissues;
facilitate and speed up biochemical reactions (enzymes); participate
in communication
◉ cell membrane
Answer: provides a barrier between the interior and exterior of the
cell it regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell
◉ Cytoplasm
Answer: fluid inside the cell in which the chemical reactions that
enabe life take place
◉ Ribosomes
Answer: build all the proteins needed by the cell
◉ cell wall
Answer: strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some
cells
◉ flagellum
