NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 | Latest
2026/2027 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Maximize your study success with this NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Prep, a
comprehensive collection of 76 practice questions and verified answers. Tailored for
Chamberlain University nursing students, this bundle helps you master core concepts and boost
your confidence for the graded exam.
Key Features
• 76 Practice Questions: High-yield, exam-style questions mirroring the format of the
actual test.
• Verified Explanations: Clear, accurate rationale like answers for tricky physiological
concepts.
• Time-Saving Format: Easily scannable for quick review sessions or last-minute prep
before exam day.
Core Topics Covered
• Cellular Biology & Adaptation: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and
dysplasia.
• Cell Injury: Hypoxia, free radical injury, and cell death.
• Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Imbalances: Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺), Calcium
(Ca²⁺), and fluid shifts (e.g., edema, third-spacing).
• Inflammation & Immunity: Acute vs. chronic inflammation, chemical mediators
(histamine, bradykinin), and hypersensitivity reactions.
• Use this resource to evaluate your readiness, pinpoint knowledge gaps, and prepare to
ace your exam.
Q1. Which term means an increase in cell size that results in enlarged tissue
mass? [Multiple Choice]
A) Atrophy
B) Hyperplasia
1
, C) Metaplasia
D) Hypertrophy
Answer: Hypertrophy
Explanation: Hypertrophy refers specifically to enlargement of tissue due to increased size of
individual cells. Atrophy is decreased cell size. Hyperplasia enlarges tissue by increasing cell
number rather than cell size. Metaplasia describes replacement of one mature cell type with
another, not enlargement due to cell size increase.
Q2. What is the term for replacement of one mature cell type by a different
mature cell type (for example in chronic smokers)? [Multiple Choice]
A) Hyperplasia
B) Dysplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Atrophy
Answer: Metaplasia
Explanation: Metaplasia is the adaptive replacement of one mature cell type with another
mature cell type, often in response to chronic irritation (such as loss of cilia in smokers). Dysplasia
describes abnormal variation in cell size and shape, not a direct substitution of cell types. Atrophy
is shrinking of cells, and hyperplasia is increased cell number; neither describes a mature cell type
being replaced by a different mature type.
Q3. Which description matches Marfan syndrome? [Multiple Choice]
A) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
B) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects
C) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time, causing involuntary
movements
D) autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
Answer: Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart
defects
Explanation: Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by long
extremities and congenital heart defects. The first distractor describes Huntington's disease
(autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder). The second distractor is familial
hypercholesterolemia (autosomal dominant disorder causing high cholesterol). The third
distractor is cystic fibrosis, which is autosomal recessive and involves thick mucus secretions.
2
, Q4. Which term means reduced oxygen in the tissues? [Multiple Choice]
A) Ischemia
B) Hypoxia
C) Apoptosis
D) Iatrogenic
Answer: Hypoxia
Explanation: Hypoxia refers to a reduction of oxygen available to tissues. Ischemia is a cellular
oxygen deficit typically caused by reduced blood flow and is a specific cause of hypoxia at the
cellular level. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, not an oxygen condition. Iatrogenic refers to
illness resulting from a medical procedure, unrelated to oxygen levels.
Q5. Which term denotes a deficit of oxygen in the cells? [Multiple Choice]
A) Apoptosis
B) Hypoxia
C) Ischemia
D) Iatrogenic
Answer: Ischemia
Explanation: Ischemia specifically means insufficient blood flow leading to a deficit of oxygen at
the cellular level. Hypoxia refers more broadly to reduced oxygen in the tissues rather than the
cellular deficit tied to blood flow. Iatrogenic describes disease caused by medical intervention,
unrelated to oxygen delivery. Apoptosis is programmed cell death and not an oxygen deficit term.
Q6. What term describes a decrease in cell size that results in reduced tissue
mass? [Multiple Choice]
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Apoptosis
D) Atrophy
Answer: Atrophy
Explanation: Atrophy is the reduction in cell size which leads to a decrease in overall tissue mass.
Hypertrophy is the opposite (increase in cell size). Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of
3
2026/2027 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Maximize your study success with this NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Prep, a
comprehensive collection of 76 practice questions and verified answers. Tailored for
Chamberlain University nursing students, this bundle helps you master core concepts and boost
your confidence for the graded exam.
Key Features
• 76 Practice Questions: High-yield, exam-style questions mirroring the format of the
actual test.
• Verified Explanations: Clear, accurate rationale like answers for tricky physiological
concepts.
• Time-Saving Format: Easily scannable for quick review sessions or last-minute prep
before exam day.
Core Topics Covered
• Cellular Biology & Adaptation: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and
dysplasia.
• Cell Injury: Hypoxia, free radical injury, and cell death.
• Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid-Base Imbalances: Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺), Calcium
(Ca²⁺), and fluid shifts (e.g., edema, third-spacing).
• Inflammation & Immunity: Acute vs. chronic inflammation, chemical mediators
(histamine, bradykinin), and hypersensitivity reactions.
• Use this resource to evaluate your readiness, pinpoint knowledge gaps, and prepare to
ace your exam.
Q1. Which term means an increase in cell size that results in enlarged tissue
mass? [Multiple Choice]
A) Atrophy
B) Hyperplasia
1
, C) Metaplasia
D) Hypertrophy
Answer: Hypertrophy
Explanation: Hypertrophy refers specifically to enlargement of tissue due to increased size of
individual cells. Atrophy is decreased cell size. Hyperplasia enlarges tissue by increasing cell
number rather than cell size. Metaplasia describes replacement of one mature cell type with
another, not enlargement due to cell size increase.
Q2. What is the term for replacement of one mature cell type by a different
mature cell type (for example in chronic smokers)? [Multiple Choice]
A) Hyperplasia
B) Dysplasia
C) Metaplasia
D) Atrophy
Answer: Metaplasia
Explanation: Metaplasia is the adaptive replacement of one mature cell type with another
mature cell type, often in response to chronic irritation (such as loss of cilia in smokers). Dysplasia
describes abnormal variation in cell size and shape, not a direct substitution of cell types. Atrophy
is shrinking of cells, and hyperplasia is increased cell number; neither describes a mature cell type
being replaced by a different mature type.
Q3. Which description matches Marfan syndrome? [Multiple Choice]
A) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
B) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects
C) Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time, causing involuntary
movements
D) autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
Answer: Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart
defects
Explanation: Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by long
extremities and congenital heart defects. The first distractor describes Huntington's disease
(autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder). The second distractor is familial
hypercholesterolemia (autosomal dominant disorder causing high cholesterol). The third
distractor is cystic fibrosis, which is autosomal recessive and involves thick mucus secretions.
2
, Q4. Which term means reduced oxygen in the tissues? [Multiple Choice]
A) Ischemia
B) Hypoxia
C) Apoptosis
D) Iatrogenic
Answer: Hypoxia
Explanation: Hypoxia refers to a reduction of oxygen available to tissues. Ischemia is a cellular
oxygen deficit typically caused by reduced blood flow and is a specific cause of hypoxia at the
cellular level. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, not an oxygen condition. Iatrogenic refers to
illness resulting from a medical procedure, unrelated to oxygen levels.
Q5. Which term denotes a deficit of oxygen in the cells? [Multiple Choice]
A) Apoptosis
B) Hypoxia
C) Ischemia
D) Iatrogenic
Answer: Ischemia
Explanation: Ischemia specifically means insufficient blood flow leading to a deficit of oxygen at
the cellular level. Hypoxia refers more broadly to reduced oxygen in the tissues rather than the
cellular deficit tied to blood flow. Iatrogenic describes disease caused by medical intervention,
unrelated to oxygen delivery. Apoptosis is programmed cell death and not an oxygen deficit term.
Q6. What term describes a decrease in cell size that results in reduced tissue
mass? [Multiple Choice]
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Apoptosis
D) Atrophy
Answer: Atrophy
Explanation: Atrophy is the reduction in cell size which leads to a decrease in overall tissue mass.
Hypertrophy is the opposite (increase in cell size). Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of
3
