LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY 7TH
EDITION NELSON TEST BANK
1. Nucleoid: The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located, not enclosed by a
membrane.
2. Eukaryotes: Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
3. Nuclear envelope: The double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in eukaryotic
cells.
4. Cell dimensions: Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm to
100 μm.
5. Archaea: A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme environments.
6. Chemoheterotroph: An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and energy.
7. Organelles: Specialized subunits within a cell, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum,
and peroxi-
somes.
8. Noncovalent interaction: Interactions like hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions,
ionic interac-tions, and van der Waals interactions that maintain macromolecular structure.
9. Carbon: One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
10. Tetrahedral: The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds around carbon in
methane (CH4).
11. Proteome: The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
12. Chemoautotrophs: Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and
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, LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY 7TH
EDITION NELSON TEST BANK
CO2 as a carbon
source.
13. Stereospecificity: The property of a reaction or process to produce a specific
stereoisomer.
14. Dynamic steady state: A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable
overall condition.
15. Exothermic: A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
16. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
17. Enzymes: Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
18. Anabolic: Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from
simpler precursors.
19. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): The molecule that carries hereditary information in
cells.
20. Three-dimensional structure: The primary determinant of a protein's function,
formed by the
sequence of amino acids in the protein.
21. Oparin's theory: A theory for the origin of life suggesting that the prebiotic
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8
EDITION NELSON TEST BANK
1. Nucleoid: The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located, not enclosed by a
membrane.
2. Eukaryotes: Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope.
3. Nuclear envelope: The double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in eukaryotic
cells.
4. Cell dimensions: Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm to
100 μm.
5. Archaea: A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme environments.
6. Chemoheterotroph: An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and energy.
7. Organelles: Specialized subunits within a cell, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum,
and peroxi-
somes.
8. Noncovalent interaction: Interactions like hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions,
ionic interac-tions, and van der Waals interactions that maintain macromolecular structure.
9. Carbon: One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
10. Tetrahedral: The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds around carbon in
methane (CH4).
11. Proteome: The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
12. Chemoautotrophs: Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and
1/
8
, LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY 7TH
EDITION NELSON TEST BANK
CO2 as a carbon
source.
13. Stereospecificity: The property of a reaction or process to produce a specific
stereoisomer.
14. Dynamic steady state: A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable
overall condition.
15. Exothermic: A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
16. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
17. Enzymes: Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
18. Anabolic: Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from
simpler precursors.
19. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): The molecule that carries hereditary information in
cells.
20. Three-dimensional structure: The primary determinant of a protein's function,
formed by the
sequence of amino acids in the protein.
21. Oparin's theory: A theory for the origin of life suggesting that the prebiotic
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8
