Oncologic Disorders: Nursing Care, Cancer
Development, and Treatment Strategies UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the two main types of tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER Benign (non-cancerous) and Malignant
(cancerous)
What is the initiation stage of cancer development? - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of cellular regulation and
excessive cell division.
What is the promotion stage in cancer development? - CORRECT ANSWER Proteins and hormones (insulin and
estrogen) promote the frequency of cellular division
What occurs during the progression stage of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER tumor develops its own blood supply,
it becomes vascular and triggers capillaries to grow new branches that keep the tumor nourished
What is the metastasis stage of cancer development? - CORRECT ANSWER invades the surrounding tissue and
establishes secondary areas of growth
What is the purpose of cancer prevention? - CORRECT ANSWER To prolong and improve the quality of life.
What is the TNM system used for? - CORRECT ANSWER determines the location of cancer and its degree of
metastasis
Sites of metastasis for breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER bone, liver, lung, brain
Sites of metastasis for lung cancer - CORRECT ANSWER brain, bone, liver, lymph nodes, and pancreas
Sites of metastasis for colorectal cancer - CORRECT ANSWER liver and lymph nodes
Sites of metastasis for prostate cancer - CORRECT ANSWER bone and pelvic nodes
Sites of metastasis for melanoma - CORRECT ANSWER GI tract, lymph nodes, lungs, and brain
What are some common causes of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER Viruses (e.g., HPV), physical agents (e.g.,
sunlight), and chemical agents (e.g., tobacco smoke).
What is the goal of surgery in cancer management? - CORRECT ANSWER To remove the tumor and/or
surrounding tissue.
What is the main goal of radiation therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER To destroy, shrink, or stop tumor growth and
damage residual cancer cells.
Nursing assessment for radiation therapy - CORRECT ANSWER skin assessment, nutritional status, fatigue
External Radiation Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER leave markings on skin; avoid creams, lotions, and
perfumes; manage nausea and pain; avoid exposure to tape and extreme temperatures
Internal Radiation Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER bedrest and private room; caution signs; dosimeter film
badge for nursing staff; limit visitors; manage nausea and pain
What is chemotherapy? - CORRECT ANSWER A treatment that uses medication to weaken and destroy cancer
cells.
Alkylating agents - CORRECT ANSWER Ifosfamide, Cisplatin
Development, and Treatment Strategies UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
What are the two main types of tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER Benign (non-cancerous) and Malignant
(cancerous)
What is the initiation stage of cancer development? - CORRECT ANSWER Loss of cellular regulation and
excessive cell division.
What is the promotion stage in cancer development? - CORRECT ANSWER Proteins and hormones (insulin and
estrogen) promote the frequency of cellular division
What occurs during the progression stage of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER tumor develops its own blood supply,
it becomes vascular and triggers capillaries to grow new branches that keep the tumor nourished
What is the metastasis stage of cancer development? - CORRECT ANSWER invades the surrounding tissue and
establishes secondary areas of growth
What is the purpose of cancer prevention? - CORRECT ANSWER To prolong and improve the quality of life.
What is the TNM system used for? - CORRECT ANSWER determines the location of cancer and its degree of
metastasis
Sites of metastasis for breast cancer - CORRECT ANSWER bone, liver, lung, brain
Sites of metastasis for lung cancer - CORRECT ANSWER brain, bone, liver, lymph nodes, and pancreas
Sites of metastasis for colorectal cancer - CORRECT ANSWER liver and lymph nodes
Sites of metastasis for prostate cancer - CORRECT ANSWER bone and pelvic nodes
Sites of metastasis for melanoma - CORRECT ANSWER GI tract, lymph nodes, lungs, and brain
What are some common causes of cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER Viruses (e.g., HPV), physical agents (e.g.,
sunlight), and chemical agents (e.g., tobacco smoke).
What is the goal of surgery in cancer management? - CORRECT ANSWER To remove the tumor and/or
surrounding tissue.
What is the main goal of radiation therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER To destroy, shrink, or stop tumor growth and
damage residual cancer cells.
Nursing assessment for radiation therapy - CORRECT ANSWER skin assessment, nutritional status, fatigue
External Radiation Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER leave markings on skin; avoid creams, lotions, and
perfumes; manage nausea and pain; avoid exposure to tape and extreme temperatures
Internal Radiation Interventions - CORRECT ANSWER bedrest and private room; caution signs; dosimeter film
badge for nursing staff; limit visitors; manage nausea and pain
What is chemotherapy? - CORRECT ANSWER A treatment that uses medication to weaken and destroy cancer
cells.
Alkylating agents - CORRECT ANSWER Ifosfamide, Cisplatin
