NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 3 Practice
Test With 200 Recent Exam Questions and Correct Answers
/ UTA NURS 5315 Exam 3 Prep Latest 2026-2027
Which characteristics are observable of vascular injury and inflammation? (Select
all that apply.)
a. ) Redness Correct
b. ) Coolness to the touch
c. ) Warmth to the touch Correct
d. ) Increased swelling Correct
e. )Pain Correct
a. ) Redness
c. ) Warmth to the touch
d. ) Increased swelling
e. )Pain
The four characteristics that are observable for inflammation in vascular tissue are
redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
Which term describes an agent's ability to produce disease?
a. ) Virulence
b. ) Pathogenicity
c. ) Infectivity
d. ) Immunogenicity
b. ) Pathogenicity
Pathogenicity is the ability of an agent to produce disease and depends on the
speed of reproduction, the extent of tissue damage, and the production of toxins.
Virulence is the capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease. Infectivity is the
1
,ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host. Immunogenicity is the
ability of pathogens to induce an immune response.
Which statement is true regarding bacteremia?
a. ) It occurs with a normal defense system of the body.
b. ) Gram-positive organisms typically cause bacteremia.
c. ) Endotoxins often cause symptoms such as vasodilation.
d. ) Symptoms include increased blood pressure.
c. ) Endotoxins often cause symptoms such as vasodilation.
Endotoxins are often produced by bacteria that grow in the blood. Common
symptoms include vasodilation, hypotension (reduced blood pressure), and
decreased oxygen delivery and can produce cardiovascular shock. Bacteremia is
often caused by gram-negative bacteria and usually occurs with a failure of the
body's defense mechanisms.
Which statement regarding viruses is true?
a. ) Viruses are less common than bacterial infections.
b. ) Viruses actively produce exotoxins.
c. ) Viruses bypass many defense mechanisms by developing intracellularly.
d. )Viruses contain all their genetic information in ribonucleic acid (RNA).
c. ) Viruses bypass many defense mechanisms by developing intracellularly.
Viruses enter the cell and may bypass many defense mechanisms. Viruses are the
most common form of infection. They contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
RNA for their genetic information. They do not produce exotoxins or endotoxins.
Which statement regarding fever is true?
a. ) Fever is a failure of the body to regulate temperature.
b. ) An endogenous pyrogen may produce fever.
c. ) The body’s central thermostat is the pituitary gland.
2
,d. ) Fever is a failure of the body’s defense system.
b. ) An endogenous pyrogen may produce fever.
A pyrogen is a substance that causes fever. Exogenous and endogenous pyrogens
exist and affect the regulatory set point in the hypothalamus, which is the body's
thermostat. Fever is not a failure of the body's defense system but may actually be
beneficial. The body does not fail to regulate temperature; rather, the temperature
is regulated at a higher level than normal with a fever.
What contributes to antibiotic-resistant pathogens?
a. ) Inadequate sanitation
b. ) Genetic mutation
c. ) Loss of multidrug transporters
d. ) Limited use of antibiotics
b. ) Genetic mutation
Antibiotic resistance usually results from genetic mutations in the microorganism
that can be directly transmitted to neighboring microorganisms. Sanitation and
clean drinking water can help control infection. Multidrug transporters on the
microorganism's membrane affect the rate of intracellular accumulation of
antibiotics by preventing entrance or increasing the efflux of the antibiotic into the
cell. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to the destruction of the normal flora and
selective overgrowth of antibiotic-resistant strains.
When does secondary vaccine failure occur?
a. ) When toxoids are not administered
b. ) When bacteriophages are administered
c. ) When routine vaccinations are not administered
d. )When booster immunizations are not administered
d. )When booster immunizations are not administered
Secondary vaccine failure results if appropriate booster immunizations are not
administered. Many adults vaccinated against diseases that are more severe in
childhood will not get routine boosters. Although not developing debilitating
illness, they may become asymptomatic carriers and infect unvaccinated children.
Toxoids are purified toxins that have been chemically detoxified without loss of
3
, immunogenicity. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria; these
are used to treat antibiotic resistance.
Which are the stages of pathologic infection? (Select all that apply.)
a. ) Invasion
b. ) Death
c. ) Colonization
d. ) Metastasis
e. ) Multiplication
a. ) Invasion
c. ) Colonization
e. ) Multiplication
The stages of pathologic infection include colonization, invasion, spread, and
multiplication. Death and metastasis are not stages of pathologic
infection.Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
Which are mechanisms of antigenic variation? (Select all that apply.)
a. ) Siderophoric switching
b. ) Mutation
c. ) Recombination
d. ) Gene switching
b. ) Mutation
c. ) Recombination
d. ) Gene switching
Mutation, recombination, and gene switching all are forms of antigenic variation.
Siderophores are iron receptors on bacteria that assist in replication, and they have
nothing to do with antigenic variation.
Which mechanisms are used by viruses to evade the immune response? (Select all
that apply.)
4
Test With 200 Recent Exam Questions and Correct Answers
/ UTA NURS 5315 Exam 3 Prep Latest 2026-2027
Which characteristics are observable of vascular injury and inflammation? (Select
all that apply.)
a. ) Redness Correct
b. ) Coolness to the touch
c. ) Warmth to the touch Correct
d. ) Increased swelling Correct
e. )Pain Correct
a. ) Redness
c. ) Warmth to the touch
d. ) Increased swelling
e. )Pain
The four characteristics that are observable for inflammation in vascular tissue are
redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
Which term describes an agent's ability to produce disease?
a. ) Virulence
b. ) Pathogenicity
c. ) Infectivity
d. ) Immunogenicity
b. ) Pathogenicity
Pathogenicity is the ability of an agent to produce disease and depends on the
speed of reproduction, the extent of tissue damage, and the production of toxins.
Virulence is the capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease. Infectivity is the
1
,ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host. Immunogenicity is the
ability of pathogens to induce an immune response.
Which statement is true regarding bacteremia?
a. ) It occurs with a normal defense system of the body.
b. ) Gram-positive organisms typically cause bacteremia.
c. ) Endotoxins often cause symptoms such as vasodilation.
d. ) Symptoms include increased blood pressure.
c. ) Endotoxins often cause symptoms such as vasodilation.
Endotoxins are often produced by bacteria that grow in the blood. Common
symptoms include vasodilation, hypotension (reduced blood pressure), and
decreased oxygen delivery and can produce cardiovascular shock. Bacteremia is
often caused by gram-negative bacteria and usually occurs with a failure of the
body's defense mechanisms.
Which statement regarding viruses is true?
a. ) Viruses are less common than bacterial infections.
b. ) Viruses actively produce exotoxins.
c. ) Viruses bypass many defense mechanisms by developing intracellularly.
d. )Viruses contain all their genetic information in ribonucleic acid (RNA).
c. ) Viruses bypass many defense mechanisms by developing intracellularly.
Viruses enter the cell and may bypass many defense mechanisms. Viruses are the
most common form of infection. They contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
RNA for their genetic information. They do not produce exotoxins or endotoxins.
Which statement regarding fever is true?
a. ) Fever is a failure of the body to regulate temperature.
b. ) An endogenous pyrogen may produce fever.
c. ) The body’s central thermostat is the pituitary gland.
2
,d. ) Fever is a failure of the body’s defense system.
b. ) An endogenous pyrogen may produce fever.
A pyrogen is a substance that causes fever. Exogenous and endogenous pyrogens
exist and affect the regulatory set point in the hypothalamus, which is the body's
thermostat. Fever is not a failure of the body's defense system but may actually be
beneficial. The body does not fail to regulate temperature; rather, the temperature
is regulated at a higher level than normal with a fever.
What contributes to antibiotic-resistant pathogens?
a. ) Inadequate sanitation
b. ) Genetic mutation
c. ) Loss of multidrug transporters
d. ) Limited use of antibiotics
b. ) Genetic mutation
Antibiotic resistance usually results from genetic mutations in the microorganism
that can be directly transmitted to neighboring microorganisms. Sanitation and
clean drinking water can help control infection. Multidrug transporters on the
microorganism's membrane affect the rate of intracellular accumulation of
antibiotics by preventing entrance or increasing the efflux of the antibiotic into the
cell. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to the destruction of the normal flora and
selective overgrowth of antibiotic-resistant strains.
When does secondary vaccine failure occur?
a. ) When toxoids are not administered
b. ) When bacteriophages are administered
c. ) When routine vaccinations are not administered
d. )When booster immunizations are not administered
d. )When booster immunizations are not administered
Secondary vaccine failure results if appropriate booster immunizations are not
administered. Many adults vaccinated against diseases that are more severe in
childhood will not get routine boosters. Although not developing debilitating
illness, they may become asymptomatic carriers and infect unvaccinated children.
Toxoids are purified toxins that have been chemically detoxified without loss of
3
, immunogenicity. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect bacteria; these
are used to treat antibiotic resistance.
Which are the stages of pathologic infection? (Select all that apply.)
a. ) Invasion
b. ) Death
c. ) Colonization
d. ) Metastasis
e. ) Multiplication
a. ) Invasion
c. ) Colonization
e. ) Multiplication
The stages of pathologic infection include colonization, invasion, spread, and
multiplication. Death and metastasis are not stages of pathologic
infection.Awarded 1.0 points out of 1.0 possible points.
Which are mechanisms of antigenic variation? (Select all that apply.)
a. ) Siderophoric switching
b. ) Mutation
c. ) Recombination
d. ) Gene switching
b. ) Mutation
c. ) Recombination
d. ) Gene switching
Mutation, recombination, and gene switching all are forms of antigenic variation.
Siderophores are iron receptors on bacteria that assist in replication, and they have
nothing to do with antigenic variation.
Which mechanisms are used by viruses to evade the immune response? (Select all
that apply.)
4
