BIOCHEM MODULE 8 EXAM TERMINAL CERTIFICATION EVALUATION COMPLETE

BIOCHEM MODULE 8 EXAM TERMINAL
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
ALREADY PASSED

⩥ Step 5 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: cAMP phosphorylates PKA, activating it


⩥ Step 6 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: Phosphorylated PKA causes an enzyme cascade causing
response to epinephrine


⩥ Step 7 of Epinephrine Signal Transduction.
Answer: cAMP is degraded, reversing activation of PKA. α-subunit
hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and becomes inactivated.


⩥ cAMP.
Answer: Secondary messenger in GPCR signalling. Formed from ATP
by adenylyl cyclase. Activates PKA (protein kinase A).


⩥ AKAP.

,Answer: Anchoring protein that binds to PKA, GPCR, and adenylyl
cyclase.


⩥ GAPs (GTPase activator proteins).
Answer: Increase activity of GTPase activity in α-subunit of GPCR.


⩥ ßARK and ßarr.
Answer: Used in desensitization. ßARK phosphorylates receptors and
ßarr draws receptor into the cell via endocytosis


⩥ RTKs (Receptor Tyrosine Kinases).
Answer: Have tyrosine kinase activity that phosphorylates a tyrosine
residue in target proteins


⩥ INSR (Insulin Receptor Protein).
Answer: Form of RTK. Catalytic domains undergo auto-
phosphorylation.


⩥ INSR signalling cascade.
Answer: INSR phosphorlates IRS-1 that causes a kinase cascade.


⩥ INSR cross-talk.

, Answer: INSR causes a kinase cascade that alters gene expression and
phosphorlates ß-adrenergic receptor causing its endocytosis.


⩥ NADH.
Answer:


⩥ FADH2.
Answer: Single-electron transfer


⩥ NADPH.
Answer:


⩥ FMN.
Answer: Single electron transfer.


⩥ Step 1 of Glycolysis.
Answer: Glucose --> Glucose 6-phosphate.
Uses hexokinase enzyme.
ATP --> ADP


⩥ Step 2 of Glycolysis.
Answer: Glucose 6-phosphate <--> Fructose 6-phosphate