Psyc 1010 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions with Actual Answers 2026-
2027 Updated.
What defines psychology as a field of study - Answer Psychology is the scientific study of
behavior and mental processes
what are psychology's four primary goals? - Answer description, explanation, prediction, and
control
psychodynamic perspective - Answer how behavior springs from unconscious drives and
conflicts
The id - Answer The id is the part of the psyche that includes all the primal and unconscious
desires.
The ego - Answer The ego is the aspect of the psyche that must deal with the demands of the
real world
The superego - Answer The superego is the last part of the psyche to develop and is tasked
with managing all of our internalized morals, standards, and ideals.
Behavioral Perspective - Answer how environmental variables reinforce actions
The Cognitive Perspective - Answer focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking,
problem-solving, language, and decision-making
The Biological Perspective - Answer how the brain and nervous system impact behavior
The Cross-Cultural Perspective - Answer how cultural and social influences contribute to
behavior
The Evolutionary Perspective - Answer focuses on the study of how the theory of evolution
can explain physiological processes.
Humanistic Perspective - Answer emphasizes the role of motivation in thought and behavior
,modern perspectives in psychology - Answer 1. Psychodynamic
2. Behavioral
3. Humanistic
4. Cognitive
5. Cross-Cultural
6. Biological
7. Evolutionary
hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
psychology is considered a science because - Answer it involves objective reasoning,
systematic investigation (scientific method), and it follows the empirical method.
survey research - Answer the process of conducting research using surveys that researchers
send to survey respondents
case study method - Answer involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing
'the case history' of a single participant or group of individuals (such as a school class or a
specific social group), i.e. the idiographic approach.
correlational technique - Answer a type of non-experimental research method in which a
researcher measures two variables, understands and assesses the statistical relationship
between them with no influence from any extraneous variable
what does correlational technique tell researchers about relationships - Answer It tells the
researcher if there is a relationship between them.
correlational coefficients indicated what? - Answer the strength and direction of a
relationship
what are the key features of a controlled "true" experiment - Answer manipulation of
variables, control of variables, random assignment
controlled experiment - Answer · In a controlled experiment, an independent variable (the
cause) is systematically manipulated and the dependent variable (the effect) is measured; any
extraneous variables are controlled. The researcher can operationalize (i.e. define) the variables
being studied so they can be objectivity measured
, what makes an experiment quasi-experiment? - Answer lack of random assignment
independent variable - Answer The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable - Answer The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response
to manipulations of the independent variable.
placebo effect - Answer The placebo effect is when an improvement of symptoms is
observed, despite using a nonactive treatment
What is a double-blind procedure - Answer A double-blind procedure refers to a procedure in
which experimenters and participants are "blind to" (without knowledge of) crucial aspects of a
study, including the hypotheses, expectations, or, most important, the assignment of
participants to experimental groups
the central nervous system is composed of what? - Answer the brain and spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system is composed of what? - Answer cranial nerves and spinal
nerves
what functions associated with the sympathetic nervous system - Answer Sympathetic
nervous system, division of the nervous system that functions to produce localized adjustments
(such as sweating as a response to an increase in temperature) and reflex adjustments of the
cardiovascular system
What functions are associated with the parasympathetic nervous system - Answer The
parasympathetic nervous system controls bodily functions when a person is at rest. Some of its
activities include stimulating digestion, activating metabolism, and helping the body relax.
What are neurotransmitters - Answer Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that
transmit a signal from a neuron across the synapse to a target cell
what are the functions of the limbic system structures? - Answer The limbic system is a set of
structures in the brain that deal with emotions and memory
limbic system structures - Answer hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala
Amygdala - Answer core fear system in the human body, which is involved in the expression
of conditioned fear
Questions with Actual Answers 2026-
2027 Updated.
What defines psychology as a field of study - Answer Psychology is the scientific study of
behavior and mental processes
what are psychology's four primary goals? - Answer description, explanation, prediction, and
control
psychodynamic perspective - Answer how behavior springs from unconscious drives and
conflicts
The id - Answer The id is the part of the psyche that includes all the primal and unconscious
desires.
The ego - Answer The ego is the aspect of the psyche that must deal with the demands of the
real world
The superego - Answer The superego is the last part of the psyche to develop and is tasked
with managing all of our internalized morals, standards, and ideals.
Behavioral Perspective - Answer how environmental variables reinforce actions
The Cognitive Perspective - Answer focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking,
problem-solving, language, and decision-making
The Biological Perspective - Answer how the brain and nervous system impact behavior
The Cross-Cultural Perspective - Answer how cultural and social influences contribute to
behavior
The Evolutionary Perspective - Answer focuses on the study of how the theory of evolution
can explain physiological processes.
Humanistic Perspective - Answer emphasizes the role of motivation in thought and behavior
,modern perspectives in psychology - Answer 1. Psychodynamic
2. Behavioral
3. Humanistic
4. Cognitive
5. Cross-Cultural
6. Biological
7. Evolutionary
hindsight bias - Answer the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would
have foreseen it
psychology is considered a science because - Answer it involves objective reasoning,
systematic investigation (scientific method), and it follows the empirical method.
survey research - Answer the process of conducting research using surveys that researchers
send to survey respondents
case study method - Answer involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing
'the case history' of a single participant or group of individuals (such as a school class or a
specific social group), i.e. the idiographic approach.
correlational technique - Answer a type of non-experimental research method in which a
researcher measures two variables, understands and assesses the statistical relationship
between them with no influence from any extraneous variable
what does correlational technique tell researchers about relationships - Answer It tells the
researcher if there is a relationship between them.
correlational coefficients indicated what? - Answer the strength and direction of a
relationship
what are the key features of a controlled "true" experiment - Answer manipulation of
variables, control of variables, random assignment
controlled experiment - Answer · In a controlled experiment, an independent variable (the
cause) is systematically manipulated and the dependent variable (the effect) is measured; any
extraneous variables are controlled. The researcher can operationalize (i.e. define) the variables
being studied so they can be objectivity measured
, what makes an experiment quasi-experiment? - Answer lack of random assignment
independent variable - Answer The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied.
dependent variable - Answer The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response
to manipulations of the independent variable.
placebo effect - Answer The placebo effect is when an improvement of symptoms is
observed, despite using a nonactive treatment
What is a double-blind procedure - Answer A double-blind procedure refers to a procedure in
which experimenters and participants are "blind to" (without knowledge of) crucial aspects of a
study, including the hypotheses, expectations, or, most important, the assignment of
participants to experimental groups
the central nervous system is composed of what? - Answer the brain and spinal cord
the peripheral nervous system is composed of what? - Answer cranial nerves and spinal
nerves
what functions associated with the sympathetic nervous system - Answer Sympathetic
nervous system, division of the nervous system that functions to produce localized adjustments
(such as sweating as a response to an increase in temperature) and reflex adjustments of the
cardiovascular system
What functions are associated with the parasympathetic nervous system - Answer The
parasympathetic nervous system controls bodily functions when a person is at rest. Some of its
activities include stimulating digestion, activating metabolism, and helping the body relax.
What are neurotransmitters - Answer Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that
transmit a signal from a neuron across the synapse to a target cell
what are the functions of the limbic system structures? - Answer The limbic system is a set of
structures in the brain that deal with emotions and memory
limbic system structures - Answer hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala
Amygdala - Answer core fear system in the human body, which is involved in the expression
of conditioned fear
