Psychology 1010: Ohio University
Hoyt Exam #2 Study Guide Questions
Fully Solved.
Sensation - Answer simple stimulation of a sense organ
Perception - Answer the organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in
order to form a mental representation
Transduction - Answer what takes place when many sensors in the body convert physical
signals from the environment into encoded neural signals sent to the central nervous system
Psychophysics - Answer methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer's
sensitivity to that stimulus
Absolute threshold - Answer the minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus
50% of the time
Just noticeable difference - Answer the minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be
detected
Weber's law - Answer the just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion
despite variations in intensity
Signal detection theory - Answer the response to a stimulus depends both on a person's
sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person's response criterion
Sensory Adaptation - Answer sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time
as an organism adapts to current conditions
3 processes of Sensation and Perception - Answer translation, extraction, interpretation
Translation - Answer turning external stimulation into a neural message
Extraction - Answer breaking the message down into basic components for processing
Interpretation - Answer recombining all the processed information
,Amplitude - Answer brightness/intensity
Wavelength - Answer Color
Purity - Answer number of distinct wavelengths that make up the light
What does the length of a light wave determine? - Answer Hue
Retina - Answer light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eyeball
Accommodation - Answer the process by which the eye maintains a clear image on the retina
Rods - Answer
Cones - Answer photoreceptors that become active under low light conditions for night
vision- INTENSITY 120 million on average
Fovea - Answer an area of the retina where vision is the clearest and there are no rods at all
Blind spot - Answer a location in the visual field that produces no sensation on the retina
How do we see color (theories)? - Answer Trichromatic theory- 3 different types of cones
detect 3 different primary colors- Red, green, blue
Opponent Processing Theory- 3 different cone types with 6 primary colors in pairs: red&green,
blue &yellow, black&white
Shortest Wavelength - Answer Purple
Longest Wavelength - Answer Red
Area V1 - Answer part of the occipital lobe that contains the primary visual cortex
Failure detectors - Answer single types of cells responsible for specific information
Dorsal stream - Answer travels up the occipital lobe to the parietal lobes
, Binding problem - Answer how features are linked together so that what we see unified
objects in our visual world rather than free-floating or mis-combined features
Illusory conjunction - Answer a perceptual mistake where features from multiple objects are
incorrectly combine
Feature- integration theory - Answer the idea that focused attention is not required to detect
the individual features that comprise a stimulus, but is required to bind those individual
features together
The role of the parietal lobe - Answer The binding involved linking together features that
appear on a particular spatial location- depends on parietal lobe in dorsal stream
Gestalt's rules for organizing information - Answer Simplicity
Closure
Continuity
Similarity
Proximity
Common fate
Proximity - Answer objects that are close together tend to be grouped together
Similarity - Answer regions that are similar in color, shape, texture, etc. are perceived as
belonging to the same object
Similarity - Answer regions that are similar in color, shape, texture, etc. are perceived as
belonging to the same object
Proximity - Answer objects that are close together tend to be grouped together
Simplicity - Answer 2 or more interpretation- we choose the easiest
Common Fate - Answer elements of a visual image that move together are perceived as parts
of a single moving object
Monocular Depth Cues - Answer aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when
viewed with only 1 eye
Hoyt Exam #2 Study Guide Questions
Fully Solved.
Sensation - Answer simple stimulation of a sense organ
Perception - Answer the organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in
order to form a mental representation
Transduction - Answer what takes place when many sensors in the body convert physical
signals from the environment into encoded neural signals sent to the central nervous system
Psychophysics - Answer methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer's
sensitivity to that stimulus
Absolute threshold - Answer the minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus
50% of the time
Just noticeable difference - Answer the minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be
detected
Weber's law - Answer the just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion
despite variations in intensity
Signal detection theory - Answer the response to a stimulus depends both on a person's
sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person's response criterion
Sensory Adaptation - Answer sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time
as an organism adapts to current conditions
3 processes of Sensation and Perception - Answer translation, extraction, interpretation
Translation - Answer turning external stimulation into a neural message
Extraction - Answer breaking the message down into basic components for processing
Interpretation - Answer recombining all the processed information
,Amplitude - Answer brightness/intensity
Wavelength - Answer Color
Purity - Answer number of distinct wavelengths that make up the light
What does the length of a light wave determine? - Answer Hue
Retina - Answer light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eyeball
Accommodation - Answer the process by which the eye maintains a clear image on the retina
Rods - Answer
Cones - Answer photoreceptors that become active under low light conditions for night
vision- INTENSITY 120 million on average
Fovea - Answer an area of the retina where vision is the clearest and there are no rods at all
Blind spot - Answer a location in the visual field that produces no sensation on the retina
How do we see color (theories)? - Answer Trichromatic theory- 3 different types of cones
detect 3 different primary colors- Red, green, blue
Opponent Processing Theory- 3 different cone types with 6 primary colors in pairs: red&green,
blue &yellow, black&white
Shortest Wavelength - Answer Purple
Longest Wavelength - Answer Red
Area V1 - Answer part of the occipital lobe that contains the primary visual cortex
Failure detectors - Answer single types of cells responsible for specific information
Dorsal stream - Answer travels up the occipital lobe to the parietal lobes
, Binding problem - Answer how features are linked together so that what we see unified
objects in our visual world rather than free-floating or mis-combined features
Illusory conjunction - Answer a perceptual mistake where features from multiple objects are
incorrectly combine
Feature- integration theory - Answer the idea that focused attention is not required to detect
the individual features that comprise a stimulus, but is required to bind those individual
features together
The role of the parietal lobe - Answer The binding involved linking together features that
appear on a particular spatial location- depends on parietal lobe in dorsal stream
Gestalt's rules for organizing information - Answer Simplicity
Closure
Continuity
Similarity
Proximity
Common fate
Proximity - Answer objects that are close together tend to be grouped together
Similarity - Answer regions that are similar in color, shape, texture, etc. are perceived as
belonging to the same object
Similarity - Answer regions that are similar in color, shape, texture, etc. are perceived as
belonging to the same object
Proximity - Answer objects that are close together tend to be grouped together
Simplicity - Answer 2 or more interpretation- we choose the easiest
Common Fate - Answer elements of a visual image that move together are perceived as parts
of a single moving object
Monocular Depth Cues - Answer aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when
viewed with only 1 eye
