NR599 INFORMATICS MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM
(2023–2026 STYLE) 100 QUESTIONS, ANSWERS,
AND RATIONALES
Section 1: Foundations of Nursing Informatics
1. A nurse defines nursing informatics as the integration of nursing science with
which of the following sciences?
a) Medical science and pharmacy science
b) Computer science and information science
c) Social science and behavioral science
d) Engineering and mathematics
Answer: b
Rationale: Nursing informatics is defined as the integration of nursing science,
computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice . This interdisciplinary
approach supports decision-making and improves patient outcomes.
2. The Foundation of Knowledge Model proposes that humans are:
a) Passive recipients of information
b) Organic information systems that constantly process knowledge
c) Dependent solely on technology for learning
d) Static repositories of data
Answer: b
Rationale: The Foundation of Knowledge Model suggests that humans
are organic information systems that continuously acquire, process, generate,
and disseminate knowledge in both professional and personal lives .
,3. Which of the following correctly lists the four elements of the Foundation of
Knowledge Model?
a) Knowledge storage, retrieval, deletion, and encryption
b) Knowledge acquisition, processing, generation, and dissemination
c) Knowledge input, output, storage, and retrieval
d) Knowledge analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and application
Answer: b
Rationale: The four main kinds of knowledge in the Foundation of Knowledge
Model are: Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Dissemination, Knowledge
Generation, and Knowledge Processing .
4. A nurse analyzes a patient's blood pressure readings over time and notes a
trend. The nurse then interprets these findings. This interpretation represents:
a) Data
b) Information
c) Wisdom
d) Storage
Answer: b
Rationale: Information is data that has been interpreted, organized, or
structured to have meaning . Trended blood pressure readings with interpretation
become information. Data alone (raw numbers) are meaningless without context.
5. The nurse applies knowledge from previous clinical experiences to adjust a
patient's care plan. This application represents:
a) Data
b) Information
c) Knowledge
d) Wisdom
,Answer: d
Rationale: Wisdom is knowledge applied in a practical way—the appropriate use
of knowledge to solve human problems. It involves knowing when and how to
apply knowledge . It is often considered the highest form of common sense.
6. The awareness and understanding of a set of information that can be made
useful to support a specific task or decision is defined as:
a) Data
b) Information
c) Knowledge
d) Wisdom
Answer: c
Rationale: Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information
that can be used to support a specific task or arrive at a decision . It is the internal
process of thinking and cognition.
7. Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of the informatics pyramid
from bottom to top?
a) Knowledge → Information → Data → Wisdom
b) Data → Information → Knowledge → Wisdom
c) Wisdom → Knowledge → Information → Data
d) Information → Data → Knowledge → Wisdom
Answer: b
Rationale: The informatics pyramid from bottom to top is Data → Information →
Knowledge → Wisdom, with each level building upon the previous. Data is raw;
information is interpreted data; knowledge is synthesized information; wisdom is
knowledge applied .
, 8. The scientific underpinnings of practice provide the basis of knowledge for
advanced nursing practice. These scientific underpinnings include:
a) Biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and nursing
b) Chemistry, physics, and engineering
c) Sociology, anthropology, and political science
d) Mathematics, statistics, and computer programming
Answer: a
Rationale: The scientific underpinnings of practice include sciences such
as biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and nursing. These provide the
foundation for advanced nursing practice and nursing informatics .
9. Which of the following best describes "knowledge work" in nursing?
a) Performing routine tasks without analysis
b) Collecting data, turning it into information, and creating knowledge and
wisdom
c) Following physician orders without question
d) Completing documentation efficiently
Answer: b
Rationale: Knowledge work involves collecting data, turning it into information,
and creating knowledge and wisdom. Nurses are knowledge workers, and nursing
informatics supports this process .
10. A nurse who shifts from primarily using critical thinking to also using critical
synthesis is functioning as a:
a) Novice nurse
b) Knowledge worker
c) Clinical specialist
d) Nurse manager
Answer: b
Rationale: The nurse who shifts from primarily using critical thinking to also using
(2023–2026 STYLE) 100 QUESTIONS, ANSWERS,
AND RATIONALES
Section 1: Foundations of Nursing Informatics
1. A nurse defines nursing informatics as the integration of nursing science with
which of the following sciences?
a) Medical science and pharmacy science
b) Computer science and information science
c) Social science and behavioral science
d) Engineering and mathematics
Answer: b
Rationale: Nursing informatics is defined as the integration of nursing science,
computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice . This interdisciplinary
approach supports decision-making and improves patient outcomes.
2. The Foundation of Knowledge Model proposes that humans are:
a) Passive recipients of information
b) Organic information systems that constantly process knowledge
c) Dependent solely on technology for learning
d) Static repositories of data
Answer: b
Rationale: The Foundation of Knowledge Model suggests that humans
are organic information systems that continuously acquire, process, generate,
and disseminate knowledge in both professional and personal lives .
,3. Which of the following correctly lists the four elements of the Foundation of
Knowledge Model?
a) Knowledge storage, retrieval, deletion, and encryption
b) Knowledge acquisition, processing, generation, and dissemination
c) Knowledge input, output, storage, and retrieval
d) Knowledge analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and application
Answer: b
Rationale: The four main kinds of knowledge in the Foundation of Knowledge
Model are: Knowledge Acquisition, Knowledge Dissemination, Knowledge
Generation, and Knowledge Processing .
4. A nurse analyzes a patient's blood pressure readings over time and notes a
trend. The nurse then interprets these findings. This interpretation represents:
a) Data
b) Information
c) Wisdom
d) Storage
Answer: b
Rationale: Information is data that has been interpreted, organized, or
structured to have meaning . Trended blood pressure readings with interpretation
become information. Data alone (raw numbers) are meaningless without context.
5. The nurse applies knowledge from previous clinical experiences to adjust a
patient's care plan. This application represents:
a) Data
b) Information
c) Knowledge
d) Wisdom
,Answer: d
Rationale: Wisdom is knowledge applied in a practical way—the appropriate use
of knowledge to solve human problems. It involves knowing when and how to
apply knowledge . It is often considered the highest form of common sense.
6. The awareness and understanding of a set of information that can be made
useful to support a specific task or decision is defined as:
a) Data
b) Information
c) Knowledge
d) Wisdom
Answer: c
Rationale: Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information
that can be used to support a specific task or arrive at a decision . It is the internal
process of thinking and cognition.
7. Which of the following is the correct hierarchy of the informatics pyramid
from bottom to top?
a) Knowledge → Information → Data → Wisdom
b) Data → Information → Knowledge → Wisdom
c) Wisdom → Knowledge → Information → Data
d) Information → Data → Knowledge → Wisdom
Answer: b
Rationale: The informatics pyramid from bottom to top is Data → Information →
Knowledge → Wisdom, with each level building upon the previous. Data is raw;
information is interpreted data; knowledge is synthesized information; wisdom is
knowledge applied .
, 8. The scientific underpinnings of practice provide the basis of knowledge for
advanced nursing practice. These scientific underpinnings include:
a) Biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and nursing
b) Chemistry, physics, and engineering
c) Sociology, anthropology, and political science
d) Mathematics, statistics, and computer programming
Answer: a
Rationale: The scientific underpinnings of practice include sciences such
as biology, physiology, psychology, ethics, and nursing. These provide the
foundation for advanced nursing practice and nursing informatics .
9. Which of the following best describes "knowledge work" in nursing?
a) Performing routine tasks without analysis
b) Collecting data, turning it into information, and creating knowledge and
wisdom
c) Following physician orders without question
d) Completing documentation efficiently
Answer: b
Rationale: Knowledge work involves collecting data, turning it into information,
and creating knowledge and wisdom. Nurses are knowledge workers, and nursing
informatics supports this process .
10. A nurse who shifts from primarily using critical thinking to also using critical
synthesis is functioning as a:
a) Novice nurse
b) Knowledge worker
c) Clinical specialist
d) Nurse manager
Answer: b
Rationale: The nurse who shifts from primarily using critical thinking to also using
