NURS 611 Exam 1 Pathophysiology
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with Complete Questions and Correct
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1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Control movement of substances into and out of the cell
C. DNA replication
D. ATP production
Answer: B
Rationale: The cell membrane regulates transport and maintains cellular
homeostasis.
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
3. What is homeostasis?
A. Cell division
B. Maintenance of a stable internal environment
C. Protein synthesis
D. Immune response
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis keeps body conditions within normal limits.
4. Which transport mechanism requires energy?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
,C. Filtration
D. Active transport
Answer: D
Rationale: Active transport uses ATP to move substances against a concentration
gradient.
5. What is osmosis?
A. Movement of solutes across a membrane
B. Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
C. Movement of proteins into cells
D. ATP production
Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis refers to water movement from lower to higher solute
concentration.
6. What is atrophy?
A. Increase in cell number
B. Increase in cell size
C. Decrease in cell size
D. Abnormal cell growth
Answer: C
Rationale: Atrophy is a reduction in cell size leading to smaller tissue mass.
7. What is hyperplasia?
A. Increase in cell number
B. Decrease in cell size
C. Cell death
D. Cell injury
Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cellular proliferation.
8. What is hypertrophy?
A. Increase in cell size
B. Increase in cell number
C. Cell destruction
D. Cell mutation
, Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophy is enlargement of existing cells.
9. What is metaplasia?
A. Irreversible cell death
B. Replacement of one mature cell type by another
C. Increase in cell size
D. Increase in cell number
Answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is an adaptive substitution of one cell type for another.
10. What is dysplasia?
A. Normal tissue growth
B. Disordered cellular growth
C. Cell enlargement
D. Cell shrinkage
Answer: B
Rationale: Dysplasia involves abnormal cell growth and organization.
11. What is apoptosis?
A. Programmed cell death
B. Cell swelling
C. Tissue growth
D. Infection
Answer: A
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled cellular self-destruction.
12. What is necrosis?
A. Programmed cell death
B. Pathologic cell death from injury
C. Cell division
D. Cell adaptation
Answer: B
Rationale: Necrosis results from severe cellular injury.
13. Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
Actual Exam and Practice Tests Newest
with Complete Questions and Correct
Detailed Answers| Brand New Version!
1. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Control movement of substances into and out of the cell
C. DNA replication
D. ATP production
Answer: B
Rationale: The cell membrane regulates transport and maintains cellular
homeostasis.
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
3. What is homeostasis?
A. Cell division
B. Maintenance of a stable internal environment
C. Protein synthesis
D. Immune response
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis keeps body conditions within normal limits.
4. Which transport mechanism requires energy?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
,C. Filtration
D. Active transport
Answer: D
Rationale: Active transport uses ATP to move substances against a concentration
gradient.
5. What is osmosis?
A. Movement of solutes across a membrane
B. Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
C. Movement of proteins into cells
D. ATP production
Answer: B
Rationale: Osmosis refers to water movement from lower to higher solute
concentration.
6. What is atrophy?
A. Increase in cell number
B. Increase in cell size
C. Decrease in cell size
D. Abnormal cell growth
Answer: C
Rationale: Atrophy is a reduction in cell size leading to smaller tissue mass.
7. What is hyperplasia?
A. Increase in cell number
B. Decrease in cell size
C. Cell death
D. Cell injury
Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperplasia results from increased cellular proliferation.
8. What is hypertrophy?
A. Increase in cell size
B. Increase in cell number
C. Cell destruction
D. Cell mutation
, Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophy is enlargement of existing cells.
9. What is metaplasia?
A. Irreversible cell death
B. Replacement of one mature cell type by another
C. Increase in cell size
D. Increase in cell number
Answer: B
Rationale: Metaplasia is an adaptive substitution of one cell type for another.
10. What is dysplasia?
A. Normal tissue growth
B. Disordered cellular growth
C. Cell enlargement
D. Cell shrinkage
Answer: B
Rationale: Dysplasia involves abnormal cell growth and organization.
11. What is apoptosis?
A. Programmed cell death
B. Cell swelling
C. Tissue growth
D. Infection
Answer: A
Rationale: Apoptosis is controlled cellular self-destruction.
12. What is necrosis?
A. Programmed cell death
B. Pathologic cell death from injury
C. Cell division
D. Cell adaptation
Answer: B
Rationale: Necrosis results from severe cellular injury.
13. Which electrolyte is the major intracellular cation?
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
