UTMB 5355 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 MODULE 5 2026 ACTUAL TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS VERIFIED COMPLETE
STUDY PACKAGE
◉ Proto-oncogenes.
Answer: promote normal cell growth factor and division
◉ If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become -.
Answer: Oncogenes
◉ Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are.
Answer: Antioncogenes
◉ antioncogenes.
Answer: inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations
◉ Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in -.
Answer: oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
◉ What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes?.
,Answer: Gatekeepers & Caretakers
◉ tumor suppressor genes.
Answer: encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair
mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
◉ Gatekeeper.
Answer: regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally
prevent uncontrolled growth and potential progression of cancer
◉ Caretaker.
Answer: suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning
correctly mutation can occur
◉ How does chronic inflammation cause cancer?.
Answer: Inflammation increases free radicals and reactive oxygen
species which promote mutation
◉ interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in
stress, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes..
Answer: Pro-inflammatory cytokines
◉ TP53 gene.
, Answer: tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape
apoptosis and can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
◉ tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine.
Answer: pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis
◉ 4 functions of TNF.
Answer: 1)cell survival
2)cell proliferation
3) cell differentiation
4)cell death
◉ CA therapy in relation to TNF.
Answer: Modulation of TNF/receptors
◉ tumor markers.
Answer: not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of
cancers or after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
◉ tumor markers are produced by both.
Answer: benign & malignant cells, increased levels seen in
cancerous/noncancerous tumors
EXAM 3 MODULE 5 2026 ACTUAL TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS VERIFIED COMPLETE
STUDY PACKAGE
◉ Proto-oncogenes.
Answer: promote normal cell growth factor and division
◉ If proto-oncogenes are mutated the become -.
Answer: Oncogenes
◉ Tumor Supressor Genes (TSGs) are.
Answer: Antioncogenes
◉ antioncogenes.
Answer: inhibit tumor progression & prevent mutations
◉ Cancer develops with increase in - and decrease in -.
Answer: oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
◉ What are the 2 main types of Tumor Suppressor Genes?.
,Answer: Gatekeepers & Caretakers
◉ tumor suppressor genes.
Answer: encode proteins that inhibit growth, prevent and repair
mutations but if mutated will increase cancer risk
◉ Gatekeeper.
Answer: regulate cell proliferation, cell type specific, normally
prevent uncontrolled growth and potential progression of cancer
◉ Caretaker.
Answer: suppress gene mutations, repair DNA, if not functioning
correctly mutation can occur
◉ How does chronic inflammation cause cancer?.
Answer: Inflammation increases free radicals and reactive oxygen
species which promote mutation
◉ interfere with insulin signaling leading to insulin resistance in
stress, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes..
Answer: Pro-inflammatory cytokines
◉ TP53 gene.
, Answer: tumor suppressor gene, if lost due to mutation cells escape
apoptosis and can divide indefinitely increasing risk of cancer
◉ tumor necrosis factor is _ cytokine.
Answer: pro-inflammatory, may be related to carcinogenesis
◉ 4 functions of TNF.
Answer: 1)cell survival
2)cell proliferation
3) cell differentiation
4)cell death
◉ CA therapy in relation to TNF.
Answer: Modulation of TNF/receptors
◉ tumor markers.
Answer: not used to diagnose, but can be useful in surveillance of
cancers or after cancer treatments, elevated in some cancers
◉ tumor markers are produced by both.
Answer: benign & malignant cells, increased levels seen in
cancerous/noncancerous tumors
