HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Real Exam
Questions and Answers (2026) | Latest Study
Questions | Verified Exam Solutions | A+
• *What is the anatomic position?* -✓✓The body is erect, feet slightly apart, the head is
held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward
• *Superior is* -✓✓ABOVE
• *Inferior is* -✓✓BELOW
• *Anterior is* -✓✓FACING FORWARD
• *Posterior is* -✓✓TOWARD THE BACK
• *Medial is* -✓✓TOWARD THE MIDLINE
• *Lateral is* -✓✓AWAY from the MIDLINE
• *Proximal is* -✓✓CLOSER to the point of attachment
• *Distal is* -✓✓FURTHER away from the point of attachment
• Dorsal Body cavity includes what? -✓✓Cranial and Spinal Nerves
• Ventral Body cavity includes what? -✓✓The orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and
abdominopelvic cavities
• *Histology is the study of what?* -✓✓TISSUES!
• A Tissue is a? -✓✓Group of cells that act together to perform specific functions
• What are the 4 Fundamental Tissues of the Human Body? -✓✓Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
• Epithelial Cells do what? -✓✓Cover, line, and protect the body its internal organs
• Connective Tissue is the framework of? -✓✓The body, providing support and
structure for the organs
,• Nerve Tissue is composed of? -✓✓Neurons and connective tissue cells
• *What is a neuroglia?* -✓✓A connective tissue nerve cells
• Muscle tissue have the ability to? -✓✓Contract or shorten
• Muscle tissue is classified as? -✓✓Voluntary Muscles and Involuntary Muscles
• What muscles are voluntary? -✓✓Skeletal Muscles
• What muscles are involuntary? -✓✓Smooth Muscles
• *What is the basic unit of life?* -✓✓A CELL!
• *Who is the building block of tissues and organs?* -✓✓A CELL!
• What does a nucleus contain? -✓✓Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribosomes
• What is the job of a ribosome? -✓✓Synthesizes proteins
• What do proteins include? -✓✓Enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the
body
• *What is MITOSIS necessary for?* -✓✓Growth and repair
• *What happens during the process of MITOSIS?* -✓✓The DNA is duplicated and
distributed evenly to two daughter cells
• *MEIOSIS is specializes in?* -✓✓Cells division that takes place in the gonads, which
is the ovaries and the testes
• *What happens during the process of MEIOSIS?* -✓✓The chromosome number is
reduced from 46 to 23
• *When the egg and sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number
of chromosomes, this process takes place where?* -✓✓MEIOSIS!
• What is the largest organ of the body? -✓✓THE SKIN!
• What are the two layers of the skin? -✓✓EPIDERMIS and the DERMIS
• *The EPIDERMIS is the* -✓✓Outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial
cells
, • *The DERMIS is the* -✓✓Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels,
nerve endings, and the associated skin structures
• Where does the DERMIS rest? -✓✓On the subcutaneous tissue that connects the
skin to the superficial muscles
• What are the layers of the EPIDERMIS from the OUTER layer to the INNER layer -
✓✓Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
• Stratum Germinativum consists of what? -✓✓The Stratum Spinosum and the Stratum
Basale
• MITOSIS occurs in what layer of the skin? -✓✓The innermost layer, which is the
Stratum Germinativum
• Epidermal cells contain a protein pigment called? -✓✓MELANIN!
• Melanin protects against what? -✓✓Radiation from the sun
• The dermis is composed of what? -✓✓Fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels,
sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands
• What are the 2 types of sweat glands? -✓✓Eccrine and Aprocrine
• Eccrine Sweat gland is the -✓✓MOST WIDELY distributed sweat gland that regulates
body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from the surface of
the skin
• Aprocrine Sweat gland is found where? -✓✓Mainly in the armpits and the groin area
• The Aprocine Sweat gland secretion contains what? -✓✓Bits of cytoplasm from the
secreting cells
• Cell debris from the Aprocine Sweat gland does what? -✓✓Attracts bacteria and the
presence of the bacteria on the skin results in body odor.
• What do Sebaceous glands release? -✓✓An oily secretion which is sebum through
the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
Questions and Answers (2026) | Latest Study
Questions | Verified Exam Solutions | A+
• *What is the anatomic position?* -✓✓The body is erect, feet slightly apart, the head is
held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward
• *Superior is* -✓✓ABOVE
• *Inferior is* -✓✓BELOW
• *Anterior is* -✓✓FACING FORWARD
• *Posterior is* -✓✓TOWARD THE BACK
• *Medial is* -✓✓TOWARD THE MIDLINE
• *Lateral is* -✓✓AWAY from the MIDLINE
• *Proximal is* -✓✓CLOSER to the point of attachment
• *Distal is* -✓✓FURTHER away from the point of attachment
• Dorsal Body cavity includes what? -✓✓Cranial and Spinal Nerves
• Ventral Body cavity includes what? -✓✓The orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and
abdominopelvic cavities
• *Histology is the study of what?* -✓✓TISSUES!
• A Tissue is a? -✓✓Group of cells that act together to perform specific functions
• What are the 4 Fundamental Tissues of the Human Body? -✓✓Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
• Epithelial Cells do what? -✓✓Cover, line, and protect the body its internal organs
• Connective Tissue is the framework of? -✓✓The body, providing support and
structure for the organs
,• Nerve Tissue is composed of? -✓✓Neurons and connective tissue cells
• *What is a neuroglia?* -✓✓A connective tissue nerve cells
• Muscle tissue have the ability to? -✓✓Contract or shorten
• Muscle tissue is classified as? -✓✓Voluntary Muscles and Involuntary Muscles
• What muscles are voluntary? -✓✓Skeletal Muscles
• What muscles are involuntary? -✓✓Smooth Muscles
• *What is the basic unit of life?* -✓✓A CELL!
• *Who is the building block of tissues and organs?* -✓✓A CELL!
• What does a nucleus contain? -✓✓Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribosomes
• What is the job of a ribosome? -✓✓Synthesizes proteins
• What do proteins include? -✓✓Enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the
body
• *What is MITOSIS necessary for?* -✓✓Growth and repair
• *What happens during the process of MITOSIS?* -✓✓The DNA is duplicated and
distributed evenly to two daughter cells
• *MEIOSIS is specializes in?* -✓✓Cells division that takes place in the gonads, which
is the ovaries and the testes
• *What happens during the process of MEIOSIS?* -✓✓The chromosome number is
reduced from 46 to 23
• *When the egg and sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number
of chromosomes, this process takes place where?* -✓✓MEIOSIS!
• What is the largest organ of the body? -✓✓THE SKIN!
• What are the two layers of the skin? -✓✓EPIDERMIS and the DERMIS
• *The EPIDERMIS is the* -✓✓Outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial
cells
, • *The DERMIS is the* -✓✓Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels,
nerve endings, and the associated skin structures
• Where does the DERMIS rest? -✓✓On the subcutaneous tissue that connects the
skin to the superficial muscles
• What are the layers of the EPIDERMIS from the OUTER layer to the INNER layer -
✓✓Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale
• Stratum Germinativum consists of what? -✓✓The Stratum Spinosum and the Stratum
Basale
• MITOSIS occurs in what layer of the skin? -✓✓The innermost layer, which is the
Stratum Germinativum
• Epidermal cells contain a protein pigment called? -✓✓MELANIN!
• Melanin protects against what? -✓✓Radiation from the sun
• The dermis is composed of what? -✓✓Fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels,
sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands
• What are the 2 types of sweat glands? -✓✓Eccrine and Aprocrine
• Eccrine Sweat gland is the -✓✓MOST WIDELY distributed sweat gland that regulates
body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from the surface of
the skin
• Aprocrine Sweat gland is found where? -✓✓Mainly in the armpits and the groin area
• The Aprocine Sweat gland secretion contains what? -✓✓Bits of cytoplasm from the
secreting cells
• Cell debris from the Aprocine Sweat gland does what? -✓✓Attracts bacteria and the
presence of the bacteria on the skin results in body odor.
• What do Sebaceous glands release? -✓✓An oily secretion which is sebum through
the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
