NURSING FUNDAMENTALS (V) FINAL EXAM PREP 2026 | 200
Practice Questions & Detailed Answers | Infection, Asepsis,
Stress & Illness | Verified Solutions
QUESTION 1
When the General Adaptation Syndrome is activated, the fightorflight response sets in. The sympathetic
nervous system releases norepinephrine while the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine. Which of the
following is true regarding this response?
A) Pupils will constrict
B) Client will be lethargic
C) Lungs will bronchodilate
D) Gastric motility will increase
Answer: C) Lungs will bronchodilate
Explanation: During fightorflight, the body needs increased oxygen; therefore, the lungs bronchodilate.
Pupils dilate, the client becomes alert, and gastric motility decreases.
QUESTION 2
Which of the following responses is NOT expected in a person whose General Adaptation Syndrome is
activated and the fightorflight response sets in?
A) The client will not urinate due to relaxation of the detrusor muscle
B) The client will be restless and alert
C) The client's blood pressure will increase, with vasodilation
D) There will be increased glycogenolysis; the pancreas will decrease insulin secretion
Answer: C) The client's blood pressure will increase, with vasodilation
,Explanation: If vasodilation occurs, blood pressure would decrease, not increase. Blood pressure
increases during sympathetic stimulation due to vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.
QUESTION 3
A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, or spiritual functioning is diminished
or impaired compared with a previous experience is defined as:
A) Disease
B) Illness
C) Health
D) Wellness
Answer: B) Illness
Explanation: Illness is a subjective state of not feeling well based on subjective appraisal, previous
experience, and peer advice. Disease is a proven fact based on medical theory and clinical features.
QUESTION 4
This is the first stage of illness, wherein the person starts to believe that something is wrong. It is also
known as the transition phase from wellness to illness.
A) Symptom Experience
B) Assumption of sick role
C) Medical care contact
D) Dependent patient role
Answer: B) Assumption of sick role
,Explanation: When a person starts to believe something is wrong, they are experiencing signs and
symptoms. The patient then assumes they are sick, which is called the assumption of the sick role.
QUESTION 5
A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene before caring for a client. Which action demonstrates
proper technique?
A) Rubbing hands together for 5 seconds after applying soap
B) Using an alcoholbased hand rub when hands are visibly soiled
C) Washing hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds after visibly soiled
D) Drying hands with a reusable cloth towel
Answer: C) Washing hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds after visibly soiled
Explanation: When hands are visibly soiled, they must be washed with soap and water for at least 15
seconds. Alcoholbased hand rubs are not effective when hands are visibly dirty.
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is a proven fact based on medical theory, standards, diagnosis, and clinical
features?
A) Illness
B) Disease
C) Health
D) Wellness
Answer: B) Disease
, Explanation: Disease is a proven fact based on medical theory, standards, diagnosis, and clinical
features, while illness is a subjective state based on how the person feels.
QUESTION 7
The autonomic nervous system is composed of which two divisions?
A) Central and Peripheral
B) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
C) Somatic and Autonomic
D) Afferent and Efferent
Answer: B) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Explanation: The autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic (fightorflight) and
parasympathetic (restanddigest) nervous systems. It is called autonomic because it is involuntary and
stimulibased.
QUESTION 8
During sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which of the following occurs?
A) Pupils constrict
B) Gastric motility increases
C) Bronchodilation
D) Insulin secretion increases
Answer: C) Bronchodilation
Practice Questions & Detailed Answers | Infection, Asepsis,
Stress & Illness | Verified Solutions
QUESTION 1
When the General Adaptation Syndrome is activated, the fightorflight response sets in. The sympathetic
nervous system releases norepinephrine while the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine. Which of the
following is true regarding this response?
A) Pupils will constrict
B) Client will be lethargic
C) Lungs will bronchodilate
D) Gastric motility will increase
Answer: C) Lungs will bronchodilate
Explanation: During fightorflight, the body needs increased oxygen; therefore, the lungs bronchodilate.
Pupils dilate, the client becomes alert, and gastric motility decreases.
QUESTION 2
Which of the following responses is NOT expected in a person whose General Adaptation Syndrome is
activated and the fightorflight response sets in?
A) The client will not urinate due to relaxation of the detrusor muscle
B) The client will be restless and alert
C) The client's blood pressure will increase, with vasodilation
D) There will be increased glycogenolysis; the pancreas will decrease insulin secretion
Answer: C) The client's blood pressure will increase, with vasodilation
,Explanation: If vasodilation occurs, blood pressure would decrease, not increase. Blood pressure
increases during sympathetic stimulation due to vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.
QUESTION 3
A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, or spiritual functioning is diminished
or impaired compared with a previous experience is defined as:
A) Disease
B) Illness
C) Health
D) Wellness
Answer: B) Illness
Explanation: Illness is a subjective state of not feeling well based on subjective appraisal, previous
experience, and peer advice. Disease is a proven fact based on medical theory and clinical features.
QUESTION 4
This is the first stage of illness, wherein the person starts to believe that something is wrong. It is also
known as the transition phase from wellness to illness.
A) Symptom Experience
B) Assumption of sick role
C) Medical care contact
D) Dependent patient role
Answer: B) Assumption of sick role
,Explanation: When a person starts to believe something is wrong, they are experiencing signs and
symptoms. The patient then assumes they are sick, which is called the assumption of the sick role.
QUESTION 5
A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene before caring for a client. Which action demonstrates
proper technique?
A) Rubbing hands together for 5 seconds after applying soap
B) Using an alcoholbased hand rub when hands are visibly soiled
C) Washing hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds after visibly soiled
D) Drying hands with a reusable cloth towel
Answer: C) Washing hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds after visibly soiled
Explanation: When hands are visibly soiled, they must be washed with soap and water for at least 15
seconds. Alcoholbased hand rubs are not effective when hands are visibly dirty.
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is a proven fact based on medical theory, standards, diagnosis, and clinical
features?
A) Illness
B) Disease
C) Health
D) Wellness
Answer: B) Disease
, Explanation: Disease is a proven fact based on medical theory, standards, diagnosis, and clinical
features, while illness is a subjective state based on how the person feels.
QUESTION 7
The autonomic nervous system is composed of which two divisions?
A) Central and Peripheral
B) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
C) Somatic and Autonomic
D) Afferent and Efferent
Answer: B) Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Explanation: The autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic (fightorflight) and
parasympathetic (restanddigest) nervous systems. It is called autonomic because it is involuntary and
stimulibased.
QUESTION 8
During sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which of the following occurs?
A) Pupils constrict
B) Gastric motility increases
C) Bronchodilation
D) Insulin secretion increases
Answer: C) Bronchodilation
