Class 8 th science
1st Term
Chapter name
1. Ecology
2. Human Nervous System
3. Variation, Heredity and Cell Division
4. Biotechnology
5.Periodic Table
Unit :- 1
Ecology
Q1. Define Ecology.
Ans:- Ecology: The study of relationship between biotic and non-biotic components of the
environment is called ecology.
Q2. Define biotic and abiotic components.
Ans:- The living things of the environment are called biotic components.
Example :- Living organisms.
Abiotic component: The non-living part of the environment is called abiotic component.
Q3:- Write down the example of biotic and abiotic components?
,Biotic- Humans, Animals, plants and microorganisms.
Abiotic- Water, soil, air and fire.
Q4:- Define ecosystem?
Ecosystem- The system of interaction and interdependence between biotic and abiotic
components of environment is called ecosystem.
Q.5: Define Consumers?
Consumers: The animals that consume the food prepared by plants are called consumers.
Q.6: Define Primary consumers?
Primary consumers: The animals that eat plants directly are called primary consumers /
Herbivores.
Q7 Define Secondary consumers?
Secondary consumers: The animals that eat other animals are called secondary consumers or
carnivores.
Q8 Define Omnivores?
Omnivores: The organisms that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores.
Q9 Write down example of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores?
Herbivores: Cow, Rabbit, Goat
Carnivores: Lion, wolf
Omnivores: Human, Cow
Q10: Define food chain?
Food chain: Production of food and feeding relationship among the organisms at different levels
forms a chain called food chain.
Example: Plant → Rabbit → Fox → Lion
Q11:Define decomposers?
Decomposers: The organisms that break down the bodies of dead organisms are called
decomposers.
Example: Bacteria and Fungi.
, Q 12:Define ecological pyramid?
Ecological pyramid: Biologists express the trophic relationship by a diagram that takes shape of
a pyramid. These diagrams are called ecological pyramids.
Q.13: In which way the organisms interact with one another?
1. Predation.
2. Competition.
3. Symbiosis.
Q.14Define Predators?
Predators: The organisms that eat or hunt other organisms are called predators.
Q.15: Define prey?
Prey: The organisms that are eaten by other organisms are called prey.
Q.16: Define Predation?
Predation: The relationship between prey and predators is called predation.
Q17. Define Competition?
Competition: Competition occurs when two or more individuals or populations attempt to use
the same resource of environment.
Example: Food, water, shelter and sunlight
Q18. Name the type of competition?
1. Intraspecific competition (within same species)
2. Interspecific competition (between two different species)
Q19. Define Symbiosis?
Symbiosis: A relationship in which two species live together is called symbiosis.
Q20. Define Commensalism?
Commensalism: A type of symbiosis in which one species gets benefit and other species neither
benefited nor harmed is called commensalism.
Example: Lichens and small plants grow on trunk of big tree.
1st Term
Chapter name
1. Ecology
2. Human Nervous System
3. Variation, Heredity and Cell Division
4. Biotechnology
5.Periodic Table
Unit :- 1
Ecology
Q1. Define Ecology.
Ans:- Ecology: The study of relationship between biotic and non-biotic components of the
environment is called ecology.
Q2. Define biotic and abiotic components.
Ans:- The living things of the environment are called biotic components.
Example :- Living organisms.
Abiotic component: The non-living part of the environment is called abiotic component.
Q3:- Write down the example of biotic and abiotic components?
,Biotic- Humans, Animals, plants and microorganisms.
Abiotic- Water, soil, air and fire.
Q4:- Define ecosystem?
Ecosystem- The system of interaction and interdependence between biotic and abiotic
components of environment is called ecosystem.
Q.5: Define Consumers?
Consumers: The animals that consume the food prepared by plants are called consumers.
Q.6: Define Primary consumers?
Primary consumers: The animals that eat plants directly are called primary consumers /
Herbivores.
Q7 Define Secondary consumers?
Secondary consumers: The animals that eat other animals are called secondary consumers or
carnivores.
Q8 Define Omnivores?
Omnivores: The organisms that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores.
Q9 Write down example of herbivores, carnivores and omnivores?
Herbivores: Cow, Rabbit, Goat
Carnivores: Lion, wolf
Omnivores: Human, Cow
Q10: Define food chain?
Food chain: Production of food and feeding relationship among the organisms at different levels
forms a chain called food chain.
Example: Plant → Rabbit → Fox → Lion
Q11:Define decomposers?
Decomposers: The organisms that break down the bodies of dead organisms are called
decomposers.
Example: Bacteria and Fungi.
, Q 12:Define ecological pyramid?
Ecological pyramid: Biologists express the trophic relationship by a diagram that takes shape of
a pyramid. These diagrams are called ecological pyramids.
Q.13: In which way the organisms interact with one another?
1. Predation.
2. Competition.
3. Symbiosis.
Q.14Define Predators?
Predators: The organisms that eat or hunt other organisms are called predators.
Q.15: Define prey?
Prey: The organisms that are eaten by other organisms are called prey.
Q.16: Define Predation?
Predation: The relationship between prey and predators is called predation.
Q17. Define Competition?
Competition: Competition occurs when two or more individuals or populations attempt to use
the same resource of environment.
Example: Food, water, shelter and sunlight
Q18. Name the type of competition?
1. Intraspecific competition (within same species)
2. Interspecific competition (between two different species)
Q19. Define Symbiosis?
Symbiosis: A relationship in which two species live together is called symbiosis.
Q20. Define Commensalism?
Commensalism: A type of symbiosis in which one species gets benefit and other species neither
benefited nor harmed is called commensalism.
Example: Lichens and small plants grow on trunk of big tree.
