MIDTERM NR566 STUDY GUIDE WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND RATIONALES 2026
◉ Community Acquired Pneumonia - 1st line treatment for
previously healthy adults and what to give if 1st drug didn't work?.
Answer: 1st line: Amoxicillin, doxycycline and macrolide
(Azithromycin)
Second choice: Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
◉ Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients?. Answer:
Macrolides: Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
◉ Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy.
Answer: Amoxicillin, cephalosporins, or erythromycin
◉ If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90
days of contracting CAP, a quinolone would be prudent choice to
prescribe. Be familiar with drug examples w/n the antibiotic class.
Answer: "floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
◉ Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant?. Answer:
Erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg PO QID x 14 days
,◉ When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic?. Answer: -before
cultures result
-critically ill patient
-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
◉ Narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Answer: -active against only a few
species of microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of
antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
◉ Empiric antibiotics - What are they?. Answer: Broad spectrum
antibiotics
-Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
◉ When to prescribed empiric antibiotics. Answer: -patient has
severe infection
-before test results are available
, -based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are
most likely causing the infection
◉ C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat?. Answer: Stop prior
antibiotic and start Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
◉ Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development
of C. Diff. Answer: -Cephalosporins
Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation
(Cefotaxime)
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
◉ Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction. Answer: Cephalosporins
◉ Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients. Answer: Avoid in 1st
trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
◉ Cephalosporins - Patient Education. Answer: -Do not take if
allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
QUESTIONS AND RATIONALES 2026
◉ Community Acquired Pneumonia - 1st line treatment for
previously healthy adults and what to give if 1st drug didn't work?.
Answer: 1st line: Amoxicillin, doxycycline and macrolide
(Azithromycin)
Second choice: Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
◉ Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients?. Answer:
Macrolides: Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
◉ Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy.
Answer: Amoxicillin, cephalosporins, or erythromycin
◉ If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90
days of contracting CAP, a quinolone would be prudent choice to
prescribe. Be familiar with drug examples w/n the antibiotic class.
Answer: "floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
◉ Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant?. Answer:
Erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg PO QID x 14 days
,◉ When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic?. Answer: -before
cultures result
-critically ill patient
-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
◉ Narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Answer: -active against only a few
species of microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of
antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
◉ Empiric antibiotics - What are they?. Answer: Broad spectrum
antibiotics
-Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
◉ When to prescribed empiric antibiotics. Answer: -patient has
severe infection
-before test results are available
, -based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are
most likely causing the infection
◉ C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat?. Answer: Stop prior
antibiotic and start Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
◉ Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development
of C. Diff. Answer: -Cephalosporins
Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation
(Cefotaxime)
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
◉ Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction. Answer: Cephalosporins
◉ Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients. Answer: Avoid in 1st
trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
◉ Cephalosporins - Patient Education. Answer: -Do not take if
allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
