10th Grade English Notes
Parts of Speech
Noun: A naming word. Example: Rahul, city, happiness.
Pronoun: Used instead of a noun. Example: he, she, they.
Verb: Shows action or state. Example: run, eat, is.
Adjective: Describes a noun. Example: beautiful, tall.
Adverb: Describes a verb/adjective. Example: quickly, very.
Preposition: Shows relation. Example: in, on, under.
Conjunction: Joins words/sentences. Example: and, but.
Interjection: Shows emotion. Example: Wow!, Oh!
Tenses
Present Tense: I play cricket.
Past Tense: I played cricket.
Future Tense: I will play cricket.
Tip: Learn helping verbs carefully for each tense.
Active and Passive Voice
Active: The boy kicked the ball.
Passive: The ball was kicked by the boy.
Rule: Object of active sentence becomes subject in passive sentence.
Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct: She said, “I am happy.”
Indirect: She said that she was happy.
Tense usually changes when converting to indirect speech.
Essay Writing Tips
1. Start with an introduction.
2. Write clear paragraphs.
3. Use simple and correct grammar.
4. End with a conclusion.
5. Avoid spelling mistakes.
Parts of Speech
Noun: A naming word. Example: Rahul, city, happiness.
Pronoun: Used instead of a noun. Example: he, she, they.
Verb: Shows action or state. Example: run, eat, is.
Adjective: Describes a noun. Example: beautiful, tall.
Adverb: Describes a verb/adjective. Example: quickly, very.
Preposition: Shows relation. Example: in, on, under.
Conjunction: Joins words/sentences. Example: and, but.
Interjection: Shows emotion. Example: Wow!, Oh!
Tenses
Present Tense: I play cricket.
Past Tense: I played cricket.
Future Tense: I will play cricket.
Tip: Learn helping verbs carefully for each tense.
Active and Passive Voice
Active: The boy kicked the ball.
Passive: The ball was kicked by the boy.
Rule: Object of active sentence becomes subject in passive sentence.
Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct: She said, “I am happy.”
Indirect: She said that she was happy.
Tense usually changes when converting to indirect speech.
Essay Writing Tips
1. Start with an introduction.
2. Write clear paragraphs.
3. Use simple and correct grammar.
4. End with a conclusion.
5. Avoid spelling mistakes.
