NURS 572 Exam 1 – NEwESt 2026 EditioN | actUal Exam QUEStioNS, VERifiEd coRREct
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QUESTION 1
The nurse is preparing to administer the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine to a pediatric
client. The nurse correctly identifies this vaccine as which type and plans to implement which
precaution?
A. Inactivated vaccine requiring strict sterile technique
B. Live attenuated vaccine that should not be given to immunocompromised clients
C. Toxoid vaccine requiring a booster every 5 years
D. Recombinant vaccine with no contraindications
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and should not be administered to immunocompromised
clients, pregnant women, or those with severe allergic reactions to vaccine components. Live attenuated
vaccines contain weakened viruses that can cause disease in immunocompromised individuals.
QUESTION 2
A client prescribed cefazolin for a surgical site infection asks the nurse how the medication
works. The nurse's response is based on understanding that cefazolin belongs to which drug
class and exhibits which type of antimicrobial activity?
A. Macrolide antibiotic that is bacteriostatic
B. First-generation cephalosporin that is bactericidal
C. Fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is bactericidal
D. Penicillin derivative that is bacteriostatic
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin that is bactericidal, meaning it directly kills
bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Bactericidal antibiotics are preferred in immunocompromised
patients who cannot mount an effective immune response.
QUESTION 3
The nurse is teaching a client with a urinary tract infection about the prescribed fosfomycin. The
nurse explains that this medication is particularly beneficial for UTIs because of which
mechanism of action?
A. It increases urine alkalinity to inhibit bacterial growth
B. It directly kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall synthesis
C. It reduces bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in the urinary tract
D. It prevents bacterial DNA replication
,-Correct Answer: C-
Rationale: Fosfomycin is bactericidal and works by reducing bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in the
urinary tract, which is particularly beneficial for treating UTIs. This unique mechanism prevents bacteria
from colonizing and causing infection in the urinary system.
QUESTION 4
The nurse is administering vancomycin to a client with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus infection. Which statement accurately describes the mechanism of action and
antimicrobial activity of this medication?
A. Vancomycin is a macrolide that is bacteriostatic against gram-positive bacteria
B. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide that is bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria
C. Vancomycin is a fluoroquinolone that is bactericidal against gram-negative bacteria
D. Vancomycin is a tetracycline that is bacteriostatic against all bacterial types
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria by
inhibiting cell wall synthesis. It is particularly important for treating serious gram-positive infections
including MRSA and is not effective against gram-negative organisms.
QUESTION 5
A client prescribed doxycycline for a respiratory infection asks the nurse about the medication's
action. The nurse explains that doxycycline is classified as which type of antibiotic and works by
which mechanism?
A. Bactericidal cephalosporin that disrupts cell walls
B. Bacteriostatic tetracycline that inhibits protein synthesis
C. Bactericidal fluoroquinolone that inhibits DNA replication
D. Bacteriostatic macrolide that inhibits protein synthesis
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is bacteriostatic, meaning it inhibits bacterial
protein synthesis and relies on the patient's immune system to eliminate the bacteria. It is effective against
both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.
QUESTION 6
The nurse is reviewing the steps of pharmacokinetics with a nursing student. The student
correctly identifies the steps in the ADME process in which order?
A. Metabolism, Absorption, Distribution, Excretion
B. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
C. Distribution, Absorption, Metabolism, Excretion
D. Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion
, -Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: ADME stands for Absorption (drug enters circulation), Distribution (drug moves to tissues),
Metabolism (drug is broken down), and Excretion (drug is eliminated from the body). Understanding this
sequence is fundamental to pharmacokinetics and medication administration.
QUESTION 7
The nurse is caring for a client prescribed azithromycin. The nurse understands that
azithromycin belongs to which drug class and exhibits which type of antimicrobial activity?
A. Cephalosporin antibiotic that is bactericidal
B. Macrolide antibiotic that is typically bacteriostatic
C. Tetracycline antibiotic that is bactericidal
D. Fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is bacteriostatic
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is typically bacteriostatic, meaning it inhibits
bacterial protein synthesis and relies on the host immune system for bacterial elimination. It is effective
against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.
QUESTION 8
A client with asthma is prescribed albuterol. The nurse correctly identifies this medication's drug
class and primary mechanism of action as which of the following?
A. Anticholinergic bronchodilator that blocks muscarinic receptors
B. Beta2 agonist bronchodilator that causes smooth muscle relaxation
C. Leukotriene modifier that reduces inflammatory response
D. Xanthine derivative that causes bronchodilation through adenosine receptor blockade
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Albuterol is a beta2 agonist bronchodilator that works by stimulating beta2 receptors in the
bronchial smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation. This makes it effective for acute
asthma exacerbations and bronchospasm relief.
QUESTION 9
The nurse is preparing to administer the rotavirus vaccine to a 2-month-old infant. The nurse
correctly identifies that this vaccine is which type and should be administered by which route?
A. Inactivated vaccine given intramuscularly
B. Live attenuated vaccine given orally
C. Recombinant vaccine given subcutaneously
D. Toxoid vaccine given intramuscularly
-Correct Answer: B-
aNSwERS & ExpERt RatioNalES | compREhENSiVE SUccESS StUdy GUidE | UpdatEd
REViEw pack | iNStaNt pdf dowNload
QUESTION 1
The nurse is preparing to administer the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine to a pediatric
client. The nurse correctly identifies this vaccine as which type and plans to implement which
precaution?
A. Inactivated vaccine requiring strict sterile technique
B. Live attenuated vaccine that should not be given to immunocompromised clients
C. Toxoid vaccine requiring a booster every 5 years
D. Recombinant vaccine with no contraindications
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine and should not be administered to immunocompromised
clients, pregnant women, or those with severe allergic reactions to vaccine components. Live attenuated
vaccines contain weakened viruses that can cause disease in immunocompromised individuals.
QUESTION 2
A client prescribed cefazolin for a surgical site infection asks the nurse how the medication
works. The nurse's response is based on understanding that cefazolin belongs to which drug
class and exhibits which type of antimicrobial activity?
A. Macrolide antibiotic that is bacteriostatic
B. First-generation cephalosporin that is bactericidal
C. Fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is bactericidal
D. Penicillin derivative that is bacteriostatic
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin that is bactericidal, meaning it directly kills
bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Bactericidal antibiotics are preferred in immunocompromised
patients who cannot mount an effective immune response.
QUESTION 3
The nurse is teaching a client with a urinary tract infection about the prescribed fosfomycin. The
nurse explains that this medication is particularly beneficial for UTIs because of which
mechanism of action?
A. It increases urine alkalinity to inhibit bacterial growth
B. It directly kills bacteria by disrupting cell wall synthesis
C. It reduces bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in the urinary tract
D. It prevents bacterial DNA replication
,-Correct Answer: C-
Rationale: Fosfomycin is bactericidal and works by reducing bacterial adherence to epithelial cells in the
urinary tract, which is particularly beneficial for treating UTIs. This unique mechanism prevents bacteria
from colonizing and causing infection in the urinary system.
QUESTION 4
The nurse is administering vancomycin to a client with a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus infection. Which statement accurately describes the mechanism of action and
antimicrobial activity of this medication?
A. Vancomycin is a macrolide that is bacteriostatic against gram-positive bacteria
B. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide that is bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria
C. Vancomycin is a fluoroquinolone that is bactericidal against gram-negative bacteria
D. Vancomycin is a tetracycline that is bacteriostatic against all bacterial types
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is bactericidal against gram-positive bacteria by
inhibiting cell wall synthesis. It is particularly important for treating serious gram-positive infections
including MRSA and is not effective against gram-negative organisms.
QUESTION 5
A client prescribed doxycycline for a respiratory infection asks the nurse about the medication's
action. The nurse explains that doxycycline is classified as which type of antibiotic and works by
which mechanism?
A. Bactericidal cephalosporin that disrupts cell walls
B. Bacteriostatic tetracycline that inhibits protein synthesis
C. Bactericidal fluoroquinolone that inhibits DNA replication
D. Bacteriostatic macrolide that inhibits protein synthesis
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is bacteriostatic, meaning it inhibits bacterial
protein synthesis and relies on the patient's immune system to eliminate the bacteria. It is effective against
both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.
QUESTION 6
The nurse is reviewing the steps of pharmacokinetics with a nursing student. The student
correctly identifies the steps in the ADME process in which order?
A. Metabolism, Absorption, Distribution, Excretion
B. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
C. Distribution, Absorption, Metabolism, Excretion
D. Absorption, Metabolism, Distribution, Excretion
, -Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: ADME stands for Absorption (drug enters circulation), Distribution (drug moves to tissues),
Metabolism (drug is broken down), and Excretion (drug is eliminated from the body). Understanding this
sequence is fundamental to pharmacokinetics and medication administration.
QUESTION 7
The nurse is caring for a client prescribed azithromycin. The nurse understands that
azithromycin belongs to which drug class and exhibits which type of antimicrobial activity?
A. Cephalosporin antibiotic that is bactericidal
B. Macrolide antibiotic that is typically bacteriostatic
C. Tetracycline antibiotic that is bactericidal
D. Fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is bacteriostatic
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is typically bacteriostatic, meaning it inhibits
bacterial protein synthesis and relies on the host immune system for bacterial elimination. It is effective
against both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.
QUESTION 8
A client with asthma is prescribed albuterol. The nurse correctly identifies this medication's drug
class and primary mechanism of action as which of the following?
A. Anticholinergic bronchodilator that blocks muscarinic receptors
B. Beta2 agonist bronchodilator that causes smooth muscle relaxation
C. Leukotriene modifier that reduces inflammatory response
D. Xanthine derivative that causes bronchodilation through adenosine receptor blockade
-Correct Answer: B-
Rationale: Albuterol is a beta2 agonist bronchodilator that works by stimulating beta2 receptors in the
bronchial smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation. This makes it effective for acute
asthma exacerbations and bronchospasm relief.
QUESTION 9
The nurse is preparing to administer the rotavirus vaccine to a 2-month-old infant. The nurse
correctly identifies that this vaccine is which type and should be administered by which route?
A. Inactivated vaccine given intramuscularly
B. Live attenuated vaccine given orally
C. Recombinant vaccine given subcutaneously
D. Toxoid vaccine given intramuscularly
-Correct Answer: B-
