lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
Patho Study Guide (D236) Key
Concepts and Conditions
Explained
acidosis: low ph 7.35 or below
alkalosis: high ph 7.45 or above
*increased ph & increased bicarb HC03 (give anti vomit meds)
*excessive vomiting-metabolic alkalosis
normal ABG's: PH 7.35-7.45
PCO2 35-45
PO2 90-100
HCO3 22-26
SaO2 95-100%
*lots of H+= low PH
*high levels of CO2 body becomes more acidic
*Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are marked by changes in PCO2
Higher CO2=acidosis Lower CO2=alkalosis
First line of defense is respirations
Second line of defense is kidney's
*If PH and PCO2 are moving in opposite direction then it is the PCO2 levels causing the imbalance it
is respiratory in nature. Respiratory opposite and reverse.
If PCO2 is normal or moving in same direction as PH then imbalance is metabolic. Metabolic equal or
same.
High CO2=hyperventilation, need to blow of CO2 to increase PH
Respioratory Disorders
Respiratopry Acidosis: CO2 high, PH low
CNS depression Obstructive
lung disease hypoventalation
tx: intubation or admin. Bicarb
Respiratory Alkalosis: CO2 low, PH high
hyperventalation hypoxemia tx:CO2
rebreather mask
Metabloic acidosis: PH low due to HCO3 low<22
increase in proton
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
due to anion gap that is normal or elevated
tx: sodium bicarb
Metabolic alkalosis: PH high due to HCO3 high >26
tx: administer vomiting meds
Risk factors for hypertensive urgency cerebral concussion:
-headaches
-lethargy and mental dullness -s/s
can persist for several months.
Sprain: over stretching of a ligament, common location is the ankle. It can be caused by a force that
displaces a joint from its normal alighnment.
Strain: over stretching of tendons and muscles. Often in the lower back and hamstring. Pain,
weakness, and limited ROM.
Rilozole: class of benzothiazotes medications used to tx. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) S/S
of dehydration: headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breathe, dry mouth, dark urine
*albumin controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume.
VB12 deficiency causes: conditions of the gastric system (chrons and celiac disease)
heartburn meds to tx. Esomeprazole, pantaprazole, famotidine, cimetidine, metformin?
THINK OF GASTRIC ISSUES CAN CAUSE B12 DEFICIENCY.
*Cryoablation is tx for bone cancer/prostate cancer.
TIA: will resolve itsself within or dissolve the clot within 24.
Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic stroke 85% most
common 40% less common afib or arteriosclerosis
mainly caused by HTN thrombosis or embolus
hemorrhagic/blood ischemia-blocks blood flow vessels
ruptures and no longer
use of oral BC, sickle cell, carotid plaque build up provides brain blood flow, high BP
COULD PRESENT AS SPEECH IMPAIRMENT
SEVEREA HEADACHE INABILITY TO MOVE ONE
SIDE, ARM/LEG
S/S of cerebral contusion
-severe headache, dizziness, vomiting
-increase size of one pupil, sudden weakness in arm or leg
-can last for hours to several weeks
-brain tissue swells, person may become drowsy or confused
-low heart rate, respiration, HTN are signs of pressure on the brain stem
Patho Study Guide (D236) Key
Concepts and Conditions
Explained
acidosis: low ph 7.35 or below
alkalosis: high ph 7.45 or above
*increased ph & increased bicarb HC03 (give anti vomit meds)
*excessive vomiting-metabolic alkalosis
normal ABG's: PH 7.35-7.45
PCO2 35-45
PO2 90-100
HCO3 22-26
SaO2 95-100%
*lots of H+= low PH
*high levels of CO2 body becomes more acidic
*Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are marked by changes in PCO2
Higher CO2=acidosis Lower CO2=alkalosis
First line of defense is respirations
Second line of defense is kidney's
*If PH and PCO2 are moving in opposite direction then it is the PCO2 levels causing the imbalance it
is respiratory in nature. Respiratory opposite and reverse.
If PCO2 is normal or moving in same direction as PH then imbalance is metabolic. Metabolic equal or
same.
High CO2=hyperventilation, need to blow of CO2 to increase PH
Respioratory Disorders
Respiratopry Acidosis: CO2 high, PH low
CNS depression Obstructive
lung disease hypoventalation
tx: intubation or admin. Bicarb
Respiratory Alkalosis: CO2 low, PH high
hyperventalation hypoxemia tx:CO2
rebreather mask
Metabloic acidosis: PH low due to HCO3 low<22
increase in proton
, lOMoARcPSD| 63525276
due to anion gap that is normal or elevated
tx: sodium bicarb
Metabolic alkalosis: PH high due to HCO3 high >26
tx: administer vomiting meds
Risk factors for hypertensive urgency cerebral concussion:
-headaches
-lethargy and mental dullness -s/s
can persist for several months.
Sprain: over stretching of a ligament, common location is the ankle. It can be caused by a force that
displaces a joint from its normal alighnment.
Strain: over stretching of tendons and muscles. Often in the lower back and hamstring. Pain,
weakness, and limited ROM.
Rilozole: class of benzothiazotes medications used to tx. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) S/S
of dehydration: headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breathe, dry mouth, dark urine
*albumin controls osmotic pressure in vascular system, builds volume.
VB12 deficiency causes: conditions of the gastric system (chrons and celiac disease)
heartburn meds to tx. Esomeprazole, pantaprazole, famotidine, cimetidine, metformin?
THINK OF GASTRIC ISSUES CAN CAUSE B12 DEFICIENCY.
*Cryoablation is tx for bone cancer/prostate cancer.
TIA: will resolve itsself within or dissolve the clot within 24.
Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic stroke 85% most
common 40% less common afib or arteriosclerosis
mainly caused by HTN thrombosis or embolus
hemorrhagic/blood ischemia-blocks blood flow vessels
ruptures and no longer
use of oral BC, sickle cell, carotid plaque build up provides brain blood flow, high BP
COULD PRESENT AS SPEECH IMPAIRMENT
SEVEREA HEADACHE INABILITY TO MOVE ONE
SIDE, ARM/LEG
S/S of cerebral contusion
-severe headache, dizziness, vomiting
-increase size of one pupil, sudden weakness in arm or leg
-can last for hours to several weeks
-brain tissue swells, person may become drowsy or confused
-low heart rate, respiration, HTN are signs of pressure on the brain stem
