NUTRITION REVISION GUIDE- EXAM 2

NUTRITION REVISION GUIDE- EXAM 2 VITAMINS 1. Due to Water-soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body, they must be consumed daily. 2. A homeless man with a history of long term excessive alcohol use are at risk for a deficiency of Vitamin B1 or Thiamine due to alcohol consumption the absorption of vitamin B1 and the clinical manifestations of deficiency of this vitamin include Muscle weakness, loss of coordination and tachycardia called ataxia. 3. A newly wedded woman is excited to have her first child within the next 2-3 years. She must consume adequate intake of folic acid or folate before becoming pregnant to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defects. 4. Vitamin Cobalamin also known, as B12 must be combined with intrinsic factor produced in the stomach to pass through the ileum where the absorption takes place. At the terminal ileum in the small intestine, the intrinsic factor will help vitamin B12 to be absorbed, distributed into the circulation, and stored in the liver for later use as needed. Without intrinsic factor the body will not get vitamin B12 from the food sources. Common risk groups for deficiency of this vitamin include strict vegetarian diet due to lack of B12 from no consumption of animal food sources, elderly, production as aging process, or gastric surgery due to production. The patients at risk for deficiency of this vitamin may need to include animal-sources foods in the diet or receive B12 as a form of injections or nasal spray to reduce the risk of Pernicious anemia because this vitamin is required for RBC formation. 5. The community nurse teaches a group of smokers to increase intake of vitamin C due to smokers have increased metabolic use of vitamin C as it helps repairing the damaged vessels by the cigarette chemicals. 6. A patient who is going to take iron supplement should take Vitamin C to enhance iron absorption. 7. The nurse is particularly concerned about pregnant woman who is combining Accutane skin cream and dietary intake of vitamin A due to the risk of toxic effects on fetus causing birth defects, spontaneous abortion or physical effects. 8. Benefit of vitamin A is for maintain good eyesight. 9. The community nurse teaches group of older adults to increase intake of vitamin D for healthy bone due to their age is less efficient in synthesizing Vitamin D during sun exposure. Vitamin D affects bone mineralization as it maximizes bone absorption of calcium. 10. Breastfed, dark-skinned, infants and toddlers are at risk for developing the condition known as rickets caused by extreme deficiency of Vitamin D. 11. The best source of vitamin E is Vegetable oil. 12. Vitamin K plays a role in synthesizing protein blood formation, increased and inadequate intake will lead to problems related to bleeding. 13. The patient is taking anticoagulant drug; Warfarin (Coumadin) should take precaution for vitamin K intake. The nurse should instruct the patient to avoid eating excess eating of dark green leafy vegetables during anticoagulant therapy due to vitamin K may decrease the effectiveness of anti-coagulant as this vitamin may clot blood faster. Common food sources to avoid excess intake include dark leafy vegetables, or parsley. 14. Secondary deficiency of vitamin K may occur to a person who uses long term antibiotics due to decrease ecoli may cause in premature and newborn babies due to their lack of intestinal flora production. FLUID,MINERALS AND ELECTROLYTES 15. Water is the best source of fluid intake. For women, recommended daily adequate intake for total beverages a day is about 9 glasses with half of these amounts should be water. For example, a woman who drinks a cup of coffee in the morning, a cup of fruit juice with lunch, 7 cups of water throughout the day and a cup of tea at bedtime. Her fluid intake would be considered 9 daily glasses fluid intake. CONTINUED.......................DOWNLOAD FOR BEST STUDY GUIDE