GEORGETTE MODULE 4 2026 FINAL
PAPER PRACTICE QUESTIONS
ANSWERS ACCURATE A+
◉ Which of the following is the correct order of the main steps in
translation?
A) Transcription → Replication → Translation
B) Initiation → Elongation → Termination
C) Elongation → Initiation → Termination
D) DNA unwinding → Elongation → Protein folding
Answer: Answer: B — Initiation → Elongation → Termination
◉ The genetic code is described as "degenerate." What does this mean?
A) Each codon specifies more than one amino acid
B) Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
C) The code has overlapping codons
D) Some codons code for more than one protein
Answer: Answer: B — Redundancy: more than one codon per amino
acid
◉ What is the role of tRNA in translation?
A) To carry amino acids to the ribosome and match them to the mRNA
codon
B) To transcribe DNA into RNA
,C) To synthesize the protein directly
D) To signal the start of transcription
Answer: Answer: A — tRNA = adaptor molecule, anticodon + amino
acid
◉ A point mutation changes a codon from UUU (phenylalanine) to
UGA (stop codon). What type of mutation is this?
A) Silent mutation
B) Missense mutation
C) Nonsense mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
Answer: Answer: C — Converts an amino acid codon into a premature
stop
◉ What happens during the termination step of translation?
A) A stop codon is recognized by release factors, leading to disassembly
of the ribosome
B) A start codon is recognized
C) tRNA brings a new amino acid to the ribosome
D) The ribosome shifts to the next codon
Answer: Answer: A — Release factors bind stop codon → polypeptide
released
, ◉ The DNA polymerase reaction occurs in the ______ direction as
incoming nucleotides are added to the ______ end(s) of the growing
DNA chain.
A) 5′ → 3′ direction; the 3′-hydroxyl
B) 5′ → 3′ direction; the 3′-phosphate
C) 3′ → 5′ direction; the 5′-hydroxyl
D) 3′ → 5′ direction; the 5′-phosphate E) 5′ → 3′ direction or 3′ → 5′
direction; both
Answer: Answer: A — 5′ → 3′ direction; nucleotides added to 3′-OH
◉ The energy needed to polymerize DNA is supplied by:
A) Hydrolysis of ATP by an accessory protein
B) Hydrolysis of ATP or GTP depending on polymerase
C) Hydrolysis of the phosphate bonds of the incoming dNTPs
D) Formation of the covalent bond E) Hydrolysis of RNA primers
Answer: Answer: C — Energy comes from dNTP high-energy
phosphate bonds
◉ DNA replication is:
A) Conservative
B) Dispersive
C) Semiconservative
PAPER PRACTICE QUESTIONS
ANSWERS ACCURATE A+
◉ Which of the following is the correct order of the main steps in
translation?
A) Transcription → Replication → Translation
B) Initiation → Elongation → Termination
C) Elongation → Initiation → Termination
D) DNA unwinding → Elongation → Protein folding
Answer: Answer: B — Initiation → Elongation → Termination
◉ The genetic code is described as "degenerate." What does this mean?
A) Each codon specifies more than one amino acid
B) Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
C) The code has overlapping codons
D) Some codons code for more than one protein
Answer: Answer: B — Redundancy: more than one codon per amino
acid
◉ What is the role of tRNA in translation?
A) To carry amino acids to the ribosome and match them to the mRNA
codon
B) To transcribe DNA into RNA
,C) To synthesize the protein directly
D) To signal the start of transcription
Answer: Answer: A — tRNA = adaptor molecule, anticodon + amino
acid
◉ A point mutation changes a codon from UUU (phenylalanine) to
UGA (stop codon). What type of mutation is this?
A) Silent mutation
B) Missense mutation
C) Nonsense mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
Answer: Answer: C — Converts an amino acid codon into a premature
stop
◉ What happens during the termination step of translation?
A) A stop codon is recognized by release factors, leading to disassembly
of the ribosome
B) A start codon is recognized
C) tRNA brings a new amino acid to the ribosome
D) The ribosome shifts to the next codon
Answer: Answer: A — Release factors bind stop codon → polypeptide
released
, ◉ The DNA polymerase reaction occurs in the ______ direction as
incoming nucleotides are added to the ______ end(s) of the growing
DNA chain.
A) 5′ → 3′ direction; the 3′-hydroxyl
B) 5′ → 3′ direction; the 3′-phosphate
C) 3′ → 5′ direction; the 5′-hydroxyl
D) 3′ → 5′ direction; the 5′-phosphate E) 5′ → 3′ direction or 3′ → 5′
direction; both
Answer: Answer: A — 5′ → 3′ direction; nucleotides added to 3′-OH
◉ The energy needed to polymerize DNA is supplied by:
A) Hydrolysis of ATP by an accessory protein
B) Hydrolysis of ATP or GTP depending on polymerase
C) Hydrolysis of the phosphate bonds of the incoming dNTPs
D) Formation of the covalent bond E) Hydrolysis of RNA primers
Answer: Answer: C — Energy comes from dNTP high-energy
phosphate bonds
◉ DNA replication is:
A) Conservative
B) Dispersive
C) Semiconservative
