GEORGIA BIOLOGY EOC QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Existing,cells,-,ans-✔✔Where,do,all,cells,come,from?
Carrying,Capacity,-,ans-
✔✔The,maximum,population,of,a,particular,organism,that,a,given,environment,can,suppo
rt,without,detrimental,effects
Gamete,-,ans-
✔✔a,mature,sexual,reproductive,cell,,as,a,sperm,or,egg,,that,unites,with,another,cell,to,for
m,a,new,organism.
Zygote,-,ans-
✔✔the,cell,produced,by,the,union,of,two,gametes,,before,it,undergoes,cleavage.
Embryo,-,ans-
✔✔the,young,of,a,viviparous,animal,,especially,of,a,mammal,,in,the,early,stages,of,develo
pment,within,the,womb,,in,humans,up,to,the,end,of,the,second,month
Punnett,Square,-,ans-
✔✔a,type,of,grid,used,to,show,the,gametes,of,each,parent,and,their,possible,offspring;,a,ty
pe,of,grid,that,can,indicate,all,the,possible,outcomes,of,a,genetic,cross
Phenotype,-,ans-
✔✔The,expression,of,a,specific,trait,based,on,genetic,and,environmental,influences.
Genotype,-,ans-
✔✔the,genetic,makeup,of,an,organism,or,group,of,organisms,with,reference,to,a,single,tra
it,,set,of,traits,,or,an,entire,complex,of,traits.
Allele,-,ans-
✔✔any,of,several,forms,of,a,gene,,usually,arising,through,mutation,,that,are,responsible,fo
r,hereditary,variation.
Homozygous,-,ans-
✔✔having,identical,pairs,of,genes,for,any,given,pair,of,hereditary,characteristics
, Heterozygous,-,ans-✔✔having,dissimilar,pairs,of,genes,for,any,hereditary,characteristic
Dominant,Trait,-,ans-
✔✔a,trait,that,will,appear,in,the,offspring,if,one,of,the,parents,contributes,it
Recessive,Trait,-,ans-
✔✔a,trait,that,mustt,be,contributed,by,both,parents,in,order,to,appear,in,the,offspring
Nondisjunction,-,ans-
✔✔the,failure,of,chromosomes,to,separate,and,segregate,into,daughter,cells,at,division
Mutation,-,ans-
✔✔a,sudden,change,different,than,the,parent,type,in,one,or,more,heritable,characteristics
,,caused,by,a,change,in,a,gene,or,a,chromosome
Genetic,Engineering,-,ans-
✔✔the,development,and,application,of,scientific,methods,,procedures,,and,technologies,t
hat,permit,direct,manipulation,of,genetic,material,in,order,to,alter,the,hereditary,traits,of,a,c
ell,,organism,,or,population
Recombinant,DNA,-,ans-
✔✔DNA,in,which,one,or,more,segments,or,genes,have,been,inserted,,either,naturally,or,b
y,laboratory,manipulation,,from,a,different,molecule,or,from,another,part,of,the,same,mole
cule,,resulting,in,a,new,genetic,combination
Transcription,-,ans-
✔✔The,process,by,which,mRNA,is,synthesized,from,a,DNA,template,resulting,in,the,trans
fer,of,genetic,information,from,the,DNA,molecule,to,mRNA
Replication,-,ans-
✔✔the,process,by,which,exact,copies,of,complex,molecules,,such,as,DNA,molecules,,that
,occurs,during,growth,of,living,organisms
Traslation,-,ans-
✔✔The,process,by,which,mRNA,,tRNA,,and,ribosomes,effect,the,production,of,a,protein,
molecule,from,amino,acids,,the,specificity,of,synthesis,being,controlled,by,the,base,seque
nces,of,the,mRNA
Ecosystem,-,ans-✔✔the,interaction,of,a,community,of,organisms,with,their,environment
Producer,-,ans-
✔✔An,autotrophic,organism,that,serves,as,a,source,of,food,for,other,organisms,in,a,food,c
hain.,Producers,include,green,plants,,which,produce,food,through,photosynthesis,,and,cer
tain,bacteria,that,are,capable,of,converting,inorganic,substances,into,food,through,chemo
synthesis
AND ANSWERS
Existing,cells,-,ans-✔✔Where,do,all,cells,come,from?
Carrying,Capacity,-,ans-
✔✔The,maximum,population,of,a,particular,organism,that,a,given,environment,can,suppo
rt,without,detrimental,effects
Gamete,-,ans-
✔✔a,mature,sexual,reproductive,cell,,as,a,sperm,or,egg,,that,unites,with,another,cell,to,for
m,a,new,organism.
Zygote,-,ans-
✔✔the,cell,produced,by,the,union,of,two,gametes,,before,it,undergoes,cleavage.
Embryo,-,ans-
✔✔the,young,of,a,viviparous,animal,,especially,of,a,mammal,,in,the,early,stages,of,develo
pment,within,the,womb,,in,humans,up,to,the,end,of,the,second,month
Punnett,Square,-,ans-
✔✔a,type,of,grid,used,to,show,the,gametes,of,each,parent,and,their,possible,offspring;,a,ty
pe,of,grid,that,can,indicate,all,the,possible,outcomes,of,a,genetic,cross
Phenotype,-,ans-
✔✔The,expression,of,a,specific,trait,based,on,genetic,and,environmental,influences.
Genotype,-,ans-
✔✔the,genetic,makeup,of,an,organism,or,group,of,organisms,with,reference,to,a,single,tra
it,,set,of,traits,,or,an,entire,complex,of,traits.
Allele,-,ans-
✔✔any,of,several,forms,of,a,gene,,usually,arising,through,mutation,,that,are,responsible,fo
r,hereditary,variation.
Homozygous,-,ans-
✔✔having,identical,pairs,of,genes,for,any,given,pair,of,hereditary,characteristics
, Heterozygous,-,ans-✔✔having,dissimilar,pairs,of,genes,for,any,hereditary,characteristic
Dominant,Trait,-,ans-
✔✔a,trait,that,will,appear,in,the,offspring,if,one,of,the,parents,contributes,it
Recessive,Trait,-,ans-
✔✔a,trait,that,mustt,be,contributed,by,both,parents,in,order,to,appear,in,the,offspring
Nondisjunction,-,ans-
✔✔the,failure,of,chromosomes,to,separate,and,segregate,into,daughter,cells,at,division
Mutation,-,ans-
✔✔a,sudden,change,different,than,the,parent,type,in,one,or,more,heritable,characteristics
,,caused,by,a,change,in,a,gene,or,a,chromosome
Genetic,Engineering,-,ans-
✔✔the,development,and,application,of,scientific,methods,,procedures,,and,technologies,t
hat,permit,direct,manipulation,of,genetic,material,in,order,to,alter,the,hereditary,traits,of,a,c
ell,,organism,,or,population
Recombinant,DNA,-,ans-
✔✔DNA,in,which,one,or,more,segments,or,genes,have,been,inserted,,either,naturally,or,b
y,laboratory,manipulation,,from,a,different,molecule,or,from,another,part,of,the,same,mole
cule,,resulting,in,a,new,genetic,combination
Transcription,-,ans-
✔✔The,process,by,which,mRNA,is,synthesized,from,a,DNA,template,resulting,in,the,trans
fer,of,genetic,information,from,the,DNA,molecule,to,mRNA
Replication,-,ans-
✔✔the,process,by,which,exact,copies,of,complex,molecules,,such,as,DNA,molecules,,that
,occurs,during,growth,of,living,organisms
Traslation,-,ans-
✔✔The,process,by,which,mRNA,,tRNA,,and,ribosomes,effect,the,production,of,a,protein,
molecule,from,amino,acids,,the,specificity,of,synthesis,being,controlled,by,the,base,seque
nces,of,the,mRNA
Ecosystem,-,ans-✔✔the,interaction,of,a,community,of,organisms,with,their,environment
Producer,-,ans-
✔✔An,autotrophic,organism,that,serves,as,a,source,of,food,for,other,organisms,in,a,food,c
hain.,Producers,include,green,plants,,which,produce,food,through,photosynthesis,,and,cer
tain,bacteria,that,are,capable,of,converting,inorganic,substances,into,food,through,chemo
synthesis
