BIO 669 FINAL PAPER COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
STUDY GUIDE
●● what is renal ptosis?
Answer: condition in which one or both kidneys drop to a lower position
that can cause kinking of the ureter and the renal vessels
Most common when large amounts of weight is lost.
●● what is the helium?
Answer: where the renal vessels and the ureter exit
located in the concave part of the kidney's bean shape.
●● What does the nephron do?
Answer: filters plasma, retaining water and concentrating urine.
reabsorbs key substances, and secretes unneeded substances
helps form protein free fluid.
fluid volume, electrolyte balance and pH
●● what part of the nephron is the least extended into the medulla?
,Answer: cortical nephron
●● what part of the nephrons extend the furthest and tries to concentrate
the most urine and preserve water??
Answer: juxtamedullary nephrons
●● what is are the nephrons made up of?
Answer: cortical, midcorticol, juxtamedullary nephrons
●● what is makes up the renal corpuscle?
Answer: the glomerulus, the bowman capsule, and the mesangial cells.
●● What are mesangial cells?
Answer: They secrete ____ matrix and lie between and support the
glomerular capillaries (connective tissues cells). Some contract similar
to smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow.
part immune cell: they have phagocytic properties and release
inflammatory cytokines and growth factors.
and signal as to what gets filtered and how fast the rate of renal blood
flow.
●● What does the Bowman's capsule do?
Answer: helps to contain and capture any fluid that leaks out of the
glomerulus
, ●● What is the glomerulus?
Answer: ball of capillaries, that filters fluid out of the capillary.
●● what are principle cells and where are they found?
Answer: found in distal tubule and reabsorb sodium and secretes
potassium (Works with aldosterone)
●● what are intercalated cells?
Answer: secrete H+ and reabsorb K and HCO3
(involved in acid base)
●● What do juxtaglomerular cells do?
Answer: release renin
have the ability to constrict the glomerular capillaries when needed by
sensing pressure in the afferent tubules.
Modified smooth muscle cells
●● What does the macula densa do?
Answer: senses sodium levels =determine the need to increase or
decrease the flow rate
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
STUDY GUIDE
●● what is renal ptosis?
Answer: condition in which one or both kidneys drop to a lower position
that can cause kinking of the ureter and the renal vessels
Most common when large amounts of weight is lost.
●● what is the helium?
Answer: where the renal vessels and the ureter exit
located in the concave part of the kidney's bean shape.
●● What does the nephron do?
Answer: filters plasma, retaining water and concentrating urine.
reabsorbs key substances, and secretes unneeded substances
helps form protein free fluid.
fluid volume, electrolyte balance and pH
●● what part of the nephron is the least extended into the medulla?
,Answer: cortical nephron
●● what part of the nephrons extend the furthest and tries to concentrate
the most urine and preserve water??
Answer: juxtamedullary nephrons
●● what is are the nephrons made up of?
Answer: cortical, midcorticol, juxtamedullary nephrons
●● what is makes up the renal corpuscle?
Answer: the glomerulus, the bowman capsule, and the mesangial cells.
●● What are mesangial cells?
Answer: They secrete ____ matrix and lie between and support the
glomerular capillaries (connective tissues cells). Some contract similar
to smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow.
part immune cell: they have phagocytic properties and release
inflammatory cytokines and growth factors.
and signal as to what gets filtered and how fast the rate of renal blood
flow.
●● What does the Bowman's capsule do?
Answer: helps to contain and capture any fluid that leaks out of the
glomerulus
, ●● What is the glomerulus?
Answer: ball of capillaries, that filters fluid out of the capillary.
●● what are principle cells and where are they found?
Answer: found in distal tubule and reabsorb sodium and secretes
potassium (Works with aldosterone)
●● what are intercalated cells?
Answer: secrete H+ and reabsorb K and HCO3
(involved in acid base)
●● What do juxtaglomerular cells do?
Answer: release renin
have the ability to constrict the glomerular capillaries when needed by
sensing pressure in the afferent tubules.
Modified smooth muscle cells
●● What does the macula densa do?
Answer: senses sodium levels =determine the need to increase or
decrease the flow rate
