BIO 171 MODULE 2 EXAM 2 2026
INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ autotrophs.
Answer: producers of the biosphere
◉ photoautotrophs.
Answer: autotrophs that use energy from sunlight to make organic
molecules via photosynthesis
◉ heterotrophs.
Answer: organisms that obtain organic material from consuming all
or parts of other organisms
◉ cell division.
Answer: reproduction of cells: allows for continuity of life;
controlled process resulting in genetically identical daughter cells
◉ cell cycle.
Answer: life of a cell from formation to to its own division
,◉ cells duplicate their genetic material.
Answer: before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives
an exact copy of the genetic code
◉ genome.
Answer: all the DNA in a cell
◉ chromosomes.
Answer: what DNA molecules are packaged into, formed by several
levels of coiling around proteins
◉ chromatin.
Answer: combined DNA and protein complex
◉ sister chromatids.
Answer: connected copies of the chromosome
◉ centromere.
Answer: narrow "waist" of the duplicated chromosome, where the
two chromatids are most closely attached
◉ somatic cells.
,Answer: typical cells of the body, contain the full genome, the full set
of chromosomes
◉ gametes.
Answer: reproductive cells including sperm and eggs, contain half
the chromosomes in somatic cells
◉ meiosis.
Answer: process that produces gametes (sperm and egg); yields
nonidentical daughter cells
◉ Interphase.
Answer: cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for
cell division
◉ Mitotic (M) phase.
Answer: mitosis and cytokinesis
◉ sub phases of Interphase.
Answer: G1 phase ("first gap"), S phase ("synthesis"), G2 phase
("second gap")
◉ S phase.
, Answer: only phase where the chromosomes are duplicated
◉ Mitosis.
Answer: division of duplicated chromosomes: prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
◉ G2 of interphase.
Answer: chromosomes have been duplicated but aren't condensed;
two *centrosomes* have formed that will organize the mitotic
spindle
◉ mitotic spindle.
Answer: a structure made of microtubules that controls
chromosome movement during mitosis
◉ aster.
Answer: a radial array of short microtubules - extends from each
centrosome in the spindle.
◉ Prophase.
Answer: Chromatin is condensed into discrete duplicated
chromosomes that appear as pairs of identical sister chromatids
joined at their centromeres
INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ autotrophs.
Answer: producers of the biosphere
◉ photoautotrophs.
Answer: autotrophs that use energy from sunlight to make organic
molecules via photosynthesis
◉ heterotrophs.
Answer: organisms that obtain organic material from consuming all
or parts of other organisms
◉ cell division.
Answer: reproduction of cells: allows for continuity of life;
controlled process resulting in genetically identical daughter cells
◉ cell cycle.
Answer: life of a cell from formation to to its own division
,◉ cells duplicate their genetic material.
Answer: before they divide, ensuring that each daughter cell receives
an exact copy of the genetic code
◉ genome.
Answer: all the DNA in a cell
◉ chromosomes.
Answer: what DNA molecules are packaged into, formed by several
levels of coiling around proteins
◉ chromatin.
Answer: combined DNA and protein complex
◉ sister chromatids.
Answer: connected copies of the chromosome
◉ centromere.
Answer: narrow "waist" of the duplicated chromosome, where the
two chromatids are most closely attached
◉ somatic cells.
,Answer: typical cells of the body, contain the full genome, the full set
of chromosomes
◉ gametes.
Answer: reproductive cells including sperm and eggs, contain half
the chromosomes in somatic cells
◉ meiosis.
Answer: process that produces gametes (sperm and egg); yields
nonidentical daughter cells
◉ Interphase.
Answer: cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for
cell division
◉ Mitotic (M) phase.
Answer: mitosis and cytokinesis
◉ sub phases of Interphase.
Answer: G1 phase ("first gap"), S phase ("synthesis"), G2 phase
("second gap")
◉ S phase.
, Answer: only phase where the chromosomes are duplicated
◉ Mitosis.
Answer: division of duplicated chromosomes: prophase,
prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
◉ G2 of interphase.
Answer: chromosomes have been duplicated but aren't condensed;
two *centrosomes* have formed that will organize the mitotic
spindle
◉ mitotic spindle.
Answer: a structure made of microtubules that controls
chromosome movement during mitosis
◉ aster.
Answer: a radial array of short microtubules - extends from each
centrosome in the spindle.
◉ Prophase.
Answer: Chromatin is condensed into discrete duplicated
chromosomes that appear as pairs of identical sister chromatids
joined at their centromeres
