BIO 171 MODULE 2 EXAM 2 2026 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PRACTICE SET ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION

BIO 171 MODULE 2 EXAM 2 2026 CELL
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION PRACTICE SET
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION

◉ growth factors.
Answer: proteins released by cells that stimulate other cells to
divide


◉ Mitosis.
Answer: the process in which chromosomes are
duplicated for cell replication. Resulting cells have the
full set of chromosomes (all homologous pairs) and are
called *diploid (2n)*


◉ Meiosis.
Answer: the process by which chromosomes are
duplicated for the production of gametes (sex cells:
sperm and eggs). Resulting cells have one of each
chromosome from each homologous pair and are
called *haploid (n)*

,◉ Heredity.
Answer: the accurate transmission of traits
from one generation to the next


◉ Variation.
Answer: accounts for offspring
differing somewhat in
appearance from
parents and siblings


◉ Genes.
Answer: - Are the units of trait heredity
- Are segments of DNA
- Code for functional proteins
- Are each located at a specific point
on a chromosome called a *locus*


◉ homologous pairs.
Answer: form in which chromosomes comprising the whole genome
occur


◉ karyotype.

, Answer: ordered image of all chromosomes


◉ sex chromosomes.
Answer: determines sex: a larger X and a smaller Y


◉ diploid zygote.
Answer: fusion of the gametes during fertilization


◉ Meiosis I.
Answer: separates homologous chromosomes


◉ Meiosis II.
Answer: separates sister chromatids


◉ Prophase I.
Answer: paired homologous chromosomes become physically
connected to each (synapse) and *crossing over* takes place


◉ Crossing over.
Answer: genetic rearrangement between segments of homologous
chromosomes