BIO 168 TESTS 2026 STUDY GUIDE COMPLETE
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ cartilage. Answer: covers many joint surfaces of mature bone
◉ ligaments. Answer: hold bones together at joints
◉ tendons. Answer: attach muscle to bone
◉ 6 Functions of skeletal system. Answer: support,
protection,movement,electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood
formation
◉ bone. Answer: connective tissue with matrix hardened by calcium
phosphate and other minerals, consists of cells, fibers, and ground
substance
◉ mineralization/calcification. Answer: hardening process of bone
◉ flat bones. Answer: thin curved plates, sandwich like construction
two layers of compact bone enclosing a middle layer of spongy bone
, protect soft organs
◉ diploe. Answer: spongy middle layer, absorbs shock
marrow spaces lined with endosteum
◉ long bones. Answer: longer than wide
rigid levers aced upon by muscles
*crucial for movement
◉ short bones. Answer: equal in length and width
glide across one another in multiple directions
◉ irregular bones. Answer: shapes that do not fit into other
categories
◉ epiphyses. Answer: ends of long bone
◉ diaphyses. Answer: center of long bone
◉ compact bone. Answer: makes up the solid part of bone
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ cartilage. Answer: covers many joint surfaces of mature bone
◉ ligaments. Answer: hold bones together at joints
◉ tendons. Answer: attach muscle to bone
◉ 6 Functions of skeletal system. Answer: support,
protection,movement,electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, blood
formation
◉ bone. Answer: connective tissue with matrix hardened by calcium
phosphate and other minerals, consists of cells, fibers, and ground
substance
◉ mineralization/calcification. Answer: hardening process of bone
◉ flat bones. Answer: thin curved plates, sandwich like construction
two layers of compact bone enclosing a middle layer of spongy bone
, protect soft organs
◉ diploe. Answer: spongy middle layer, absorbs shock
marrow spaces lined with endosteum
◉ long bones. Answer: longer than wide
rigid levers aced upon by muscles
*crucial for movement
◉ short bones. Answer: equal in length and width
glide across one another in multiple directions
◉ irregular bones. Answer: shapes that do not fit into other
categories
◉ epiphyses. Answer: ends of long bone
◉ diaphyses. Answer: center of long bone
◉ compact bone. Answer: makes up the solid part of bone
