PSYC 2301 Exam 2 Questions with Correct
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Section 1: Memory (Questions 1–15)
1. The three stages of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model (in
correct order) are:
A. Long-term memory, short-term memory, sensory memory
B. Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
C. Working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory
D. Implicit memory, explicit memory, procedural memory
Correct Answer: B – The modal model proposes that information flows
from sensory memory → short-term memory (working memory) → long-
term memory.
2. The capacity of short-term memory (STM) is approximately:
A. 2 items
B. 7 ± 2 items (Miller's Magic Number)
C. 20 items
D. Unlimited
,Correct Answer: B – George Miller found that STM holds about 7
chunks of information (range 5–9).
3. Chunking is a strategy to:
A. Decrease memory capacity
B. Increase short-term memory capacity by grouping information into
meaningful units
C. Erase memories
D. Enhance sensory memory
Correct Answer: B – Chunking (e.g., grouping letters into words or
numbers into dates) allows more information to be held in STM.
4. Maintenance rehearsal (repeating information) primarily transfers
information to:
A. Sensory memory
B. Long-term memory (less effective than elaborative rehearsal)
C. Implicit memory only
D. Procedural memory
Correct Answer: B – Elaborative rehearsal (connecting new information
to existing knowledge) is more effective for LTM than maintenance
rehearsal.
5. The hippocampus is critical for:
A. Consolidating new explicit (declarative) long-term memories
B. Storing procedural memories
C. Emotional memories
D. Working memory
,Correct Answer: A – The hippocampus consolidates declarative
memories (facts, events); damage causes anterograde amnesia (e.g.,
patient H.M.).
6. Procedural memory (how to do things) is a type of ________
memory.
A. Explicit
B. Implicit (non-declarative)
C. Semantic
D. Episodic
Correct Answer: B – Implicit memory includes procedural skills (riding a
bike), priming, and conditioning.
7. Priming is an example of ________ memory.
A. Explicit
B. Implicit
C. Semantic
D. Episodic
Correct Answer: B – Priming (improved processing of a stimulus after
prior exposure) is implicit; you don't consciously recall the prior
exposure.
8. The serial position effect (better recall of first and last items on a
list) includes:
A. Primacy effect (first items → LTM) and recency effect (last items →
STM)
B. Only primacy effect
, C. Only recency effect
D. No effect
Correct Answer: A – Primacy effect reflects LTM encoding; recency
effect reflects STM (which decays quickly when attention shifts).
9. Retrograde amnesia is the loss of:
A. Memories before the injury (past)
B. Ability to form new memories (anterograde)
C. Procedural memory
D. Implicit memory
Correct Answer: A – Retrograde amnesia: loss of past memories;
anterograde amnesia: inability to form new memories.
10. Elizabeth Loftus's research on eyewitness testimony
demonstrated that:
A. Memory is highly accurate and immutable
B. Memory is reconstructive and can be distorted by misleading
information (misinformation effect)
C. Hypnosis improves memory accuracy
D. Children never have false memories
Correct Answer: B – Loftus showed that post-event information (leading
questions) can alter memories, leading to false memories.
11. The misinformation effect occurs when:
A. People remember events exactly as they happened
B. Exposure to misleading information after an event impairs memory for
the original event
Answers and Rationales | Instant Pdf
Download 2026
Section 1: Memory (Questions 1–15)
1. The three stages of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model (in
correct order) are:
A. Long-term memory, short-term memory, sensory memory
B. Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
C. Working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory
D. Implicit memory, explicit memory, procedural memory
Correct Answer: B – The modal model proposes that information flows
from sensory memory → short-term memory (working memory) → long-
term memory.
2. The capacity of short-term memory (STM) is approximately:
A. 2 items
B. 7 ± 2 items (Miller's Magic Number)
C. 20 items
D. Unlimited
,Correct Answer: B – George Miller found that STM holds about 7
chunks of information (range 5–9).
3. Chunking is a strategy to:
A. Decrease memory capacity
B. Increase short-term memory capacity by grouping information into
meaningful units
C. Erase memories
D. Enhance sensory memory
Correct Answer: B – Chunking (e.g., grouping letters into words or
numbers into dates) allows more information to be held in STM.
4. Maintenance rehearsal (repeating information) primarily transfers
information to:
A. Sensory memory
B. Long-term memory (less effective than elaborative rehearsal)
C. Implicit memory only
D. Procedural memory
Correct Answer: B – Elaborative rehearsal (connecting new information
to existing knowledge) is more effective for LTM than maintenance
rehearsal.
5. The hippocampus is critical for:
A. Consolidating new explicit (declarative) long-term memories
B. Storing procedural memories
C. Emotional memories
D. Working memory
,Correct Answer: A – The hippocampus consolidates declarative
memories (facts, events); damage causes anterograde amnesia (e.g.,
patient H.M.).
6. Procedural memory (how to do things) is a type of ________
memory.
A. Explicit
B. Implicit (non-declarative)
C. Semantic
D. Episodic
Correct Answer: B – Implicit memory includes procedural skills (riding a
bike), priming, and conditioning.
7. Priming is an example of ________ memory.
A. Explicit
B. Implicit
C. Semantic
D. Episodic
Correct Answer: B – Priming (improved processing of a stimulus after
prior exposure) is implicit; you don't consciously recall the prior
exposure.
8. The serial position effect (better recall of first and last items on a
list) includes:
A. Primacy effect (first items → LTM) and recency effect (last items →
STM)
B. Only primacy effect
, C. Only recency effect
D. No effect
Correct Answer: A – Primacy effect reflects LTM encoding; recency
effect reflects STM (which decays quickly when attention shifts).
9. Retrograde amnesia is the loss of:
A. Memories before the injury (past)
B. Ability to form new memories (anterograde)
C. Procedural memory
D. Implicit memory
Correct Answer: A – Retrograde amnesia: loss of past memories;
anterograde amnesia: inability to form new memories.
10. Elizabeth Loftus's research on eyewitness testimony
demonstrated that:
A. Memory is highly accurate and immutable
B. Memory is reconstructive and can be distorted by misleading
information (misinformation effect)
C. Hypnosis improves memory accuracy
D. Children never have false memories
Correct Answer: B – Loftus showed that post-event information (leading
questions) can alter memories, leading to false memories.
11. The misinformation effect occurs when:
A. People remember events exactly as they happened
B. Exposure to misleading information after an event impairs memory for
the original event
