BIO 141 EXAM 1 NVCC 2026 REVISION NOTES
AND STRUCTURED BIOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
OVERVIEW GUIDE
◉ primary reference. Answer: research that is peer reviewed and
published in a scientific journal
the ideas, procedures, results, analyses, and conclusions of all
scientific investigations are critically scrutinized by other scientists
(described as self-correcting)
◉ cell. Answer: the fundamental biological unit, the smallest and
simplest biological structure possessing all the characteristics of the
living condition
◉ prokaryotic cells. Answer: cells that lack nuclei and membrane-
bound organelles
earliest known cells found in fossilized sediments 3.5 billion years
old
◉ eukaryotic cells. Answer: cells that have a nuclei and membrane-
bound organelles
,appeared in the fossil record around 1.5 billion years ago
evolutionary of multicellularity appears to have originated more
than one in these types of cells
◉ compound. Answer: Microscopes with a minimum of two
magnifying lenses (the ocular and the objective lenses) are
considered...?
◉ binocular microscopes. Answer: microscopes that have two
eyepieces
◉ monocular microscopes. Answer: microscopes that have one
eyepiece
◉ left. Answer: If you move a slide under a light microscope to the
right, in which direction does the image in the ocular move?
◉ yes, the image is inverted. Answer: Is the image in the ocular
inverted relative to the specimen on the stage?
◉ working distance. Answer: the distance between the specimen
and the objective lens
, this distance increases with a decrease in magnification
◉ total magnification. Answer: (magnification of the ocular lens) x
(objective lens)
◉ stereoscopic microscope. Answer: microscope of relatively low
magnification (7X to 30X) used for viewing and manipulating
relatively large objects
◉ reflected (incident) light. Answer: light directed down on the
object
◉ transmitted light. Answer: light passing through the object
◉ wet mount. Answer: a glass slide holding a specimen suspended
in a drop of water for microscopic examination
◉ elodea (leaf). Answer:
◉ elodea (leaf). Answer:
AND STRUCTURED BIOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
OVERVIEW GUIDE
◉ primary reference. Answer: research that is peer reviewed and
published in a scientific journal
the ideas, procedures, results, analyses, and conclusions of all
scientific investigations are critically scrutinized by other scientists
(described as self-correcting)
◉ cell. Answer: the fundamental biological unit, the smallest and
simplest biological structure possessing all the characteristics of the
living condition
◉ prokaryotic cells. Answer: cells that lack nuclei and membrane-
bound organelles
earliest known cells found in fossilized sediments 3.5 billion years
old
◉ eukaryotic cells. Answer: cells that have a nuclei and membrane-
bound organelles
,appeared in the fossil record around 1.5 billion years ago
evolutionary of multicellularity appears to have originated more
than one in these types of cells
◉ compound. Answer: Microscopes with a minimum of two
magnifying lenses (the ocular and the objective lenses) are
considered...?
◉ binocular microscopes. Answer: microscopes that have two
eyepieces
◉ monocular microscopes. Answer: microscopes that have one
eyepiece
◉ left. Answer: If you move a slide under a light microscope to the
right, in which direction does the image in the ocular move?
◉ yes, the image is inverted. Answer: Is the image in the ocular
inverted relative to the specimen on the stage?
◉ working distance. Answer: the distance between the specimen
and the objective lens
, this distance increases with a decrease in magnification
◉ total magnification. Answer: (magnification of the ocular lens) x
(objective lens)
◉ stereoscopic microscope. Answer: microscope of relatively low
magnification (7X to 30X) used for viewing and manipulating
relatively large objects
◉ reflected (incident) light. Answer: light directed down on the
object
◉ transmitted light. Answer: light passing through the object
◉ wet mount. Answer: a glass slide holding a specimen suspended
in a drop of water for microscopic examination
◉ elodea (leaf). Answer:
◉ elodea (leaf). Answer:
