GENETICS EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPLETE Q AND A MASTER EDITION
◉ polygenic traits
Answer: a trait controlled by two or more genes; produce a wide
range of phenotypes
◉ sex-linked traits
Answer: a trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex
chromosome
◉ pedigree chart
Answer: a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or
phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from
one generation to the next
◉ chromatin
Answer: unraveled and long DNA (during interphase)
◉ chromosome
Answer: condensed, coiled, and shorted DNA (this occurs during
mitosis and meiosis)
, ◉ chromatids
Answer: the two identical halves of a single replicated eukaryotic
chromosome and joined at the centromere
◉ homologous chromosomes
Answer: chromosome pairs of approximately the same length,
centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same
characteristics at corresponding places (one homologous
chromosome is inherited from the mother; the other from the
father)
◉ daughter cells
Answer: new cells
◉ mitosis
Answer: a type of cell division that results in two genetically
identical daughter cells each with the same number of chromosomes
of the parent cell
◉ meiosis
Answer: a type of cell division that results in four genetically
different daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes
of the parent cell (also known as reduction division)
COMPLETE Q AND A MASTER EDITION
◉ polygenic traits
Answer: a trait controlled by two or more genes; produce a wide
range of phenotypes
◉ sex-linked traits
Answer: a trait genetically determined by an allele located on the sex
chromosome
◉ pedigree chart
Answer: a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or
phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from
one generation to the next
◉ chromatin
Answer: unraveled and long DNA (during interphase)
◉ chromosome
Answer: condensed, coiled, and shorted DNA (this occurs during
mitosis and meiosis)
, ◉ chromatids
Answer: the two identical halves of a single replicated eukaryotic
chromosome and joined at the centromere
◉ homologous chromosomes
Answer: chromosome pairs of approximately the same length,
centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same
characteristics at corresponding places (one homologous
chromosome is inherited from the mother; the other from the
father)
◉ daughter cells
Answer: new cells
◉ mitosis
Answer: a type of cell division that results in two genetically
identical daughter cells each with the same number of chromosomes
of the parent cell
◉ meiosis
Answer: a type of cell division that results in four genetically
different daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes
of the parent cell (also known as reduction division)
