GENETICS COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST 2026 FULL SOLUTION GUIDE
◉ What is hemagglutination?
Answer: When red blood cells clump together, clogging small blood
vessels. This reduces the O2-carrying ability and makes the kidneys
shut down.
◉ What type of blood is the universal donor?
Answer: O
◉ What is Rh+?
Answer: When blood possesses the Rh antigen in its RBCs
◉ What is Rh?
Answer: When blood lacks the Rh antigen on its RBCs
◉ Pleitropy
Answer: When multiple genes have multiple phenotypic effects
◉ What is an example of Pleitropy?
, Answer: a pea having white flowers, a colorless seed coat, and no
pigmentation on axils, etc
◉ Epistasis
Answer: The phenotypic expression of one gene can alter the
phenotypic expression of a different trait
◉ What are the results of epistasis?
Answer: Multiple alleles can affect a single character, resulting in
many discrete phenotypes.
◉ What are qualitative characters?
Answer: skin color, eye color, height, etc.
◉ What is a polygenic character?
Answer: a character determined by multiple genes (skin color)
◉ outsomes of a polygenic character are in what shape
Answer: bell curve
◉ How many genes are involved in height inheritance?
Answer: 10
TEST 2026 FULL SOLUTION GUIDE
◉ What is hemagglutination?
Answer: When red blood cells clump together, clogging small blood
vessels. This reduces the O2-carrying ability and makes the kidneys
shut down.
◉ What type of blood is the universal donor?
Answer: O
◉ What is Rh+?
Answer: When blood possesses the Rh antigen in its RBCs
◉ What is Rh?
Answer: When blood lacks the Rh antigen on its RBCs
◉ Pleitropy
Answer: When multiple genes have multiple phenotypic effects
◉ What is an example of Pleitropy?
, Answer: a pea having white flowers, a colorless seed coat, and no
pigmentation on axils, etc
◉ Epistasis
Answer: The phenotypic expression of one gene can alter the
phenotypic expression of a different trait
◉ What are the results of epistasis?
Answer: Multiple alleles can affect a single character, resulting in
many discrete phenotypes.
◉ What are qualitative characters?
Answer: skin color, eye color, height, etc.
◉ What is a polygenic character?
Answer: a character determined by multiple genes (skin color)
◉ outsomes of a polygenic character are in what shape
Answer: bell curve
◉ How many genes are involved in height inheritance?
Answer: 10
