Georgia Biology EOC 2026-2027 Questions
With Correct Answers A+ Graded
Existing cells - CORRECT ANSWER -Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER -The maximum population of a particular organism that a
given environment can support without detrimental effects
Gamete - CORRECT ANSWER -a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites
with another cell to form a new organism.
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER -the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes
cleavage.
Embryo - CORRECT ANSWER -the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the
early stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
Punnett Square - CORRECT ANSWER -a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent
and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a
genetic cross
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER -The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and
environmental influences.
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER -the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with
reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER -any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation,
that are responsible for hereditary variation.
,Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER -having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of
hereditary characteristics
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER -having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary
characteristic
Dominant Trait - CORRECT ANSWER -a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents
contributes it
Recessive Trait - CORRECT ANSWER -a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order
to appear in the offspring
Nondisjunction - CORRECT ANSWER -the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into
daughter cells at division
Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER -a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more
heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
Genetic Engineering - CORRECT ANSWER -the development and application of scientific
methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in
order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
Recombinant DNA - CORRECT ANSWER -DNA in which one or more segments or genes have
been inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from
another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER -The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA
template resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
, Replication - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such
as DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
Traslation - CORRECT ANSWER -The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the
production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being controlled
by the base sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER -the interaction of a community of organisms with their
environment
Producer - CORRECT ANSWER -An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for
other organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through
photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances into
food through chemosynthesis
Anterior - CORRECT ANSWER -The front surface of the body
Posterior - CORRECT ANSWER -Near the tail end of the body
Chemoautotroph - CORRECT ANSWER -an organism that depends on inorganic chemicals for its
energy and principally on carbon dioxide for its carbon
Dichotomous Key - CORRECT ANSWER -used to identify a plant or animal in which each stage
presents descriptions of two distinguishing characters, with a direction to another stage in the
key, until the species is identified
Binomial Nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER -a system for naming plants and animals by means
of two Latin names: the first indicating the genus and the second the species to which the
organism belongs
With Correct Answers A+ Graded
Existing cells - CORRECT ANSWER -Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER -The maximum population of a particular organism that a
given environment can support without detrimental effects
Gamete - CORRECT ANSWER -a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites
with another cell to form a new organism.
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER -the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes
cleavage.
Embryo - CORRECT ANSWER -the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the
early stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
Punnett Square - CORRECT ANSWER -a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent
and their possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a
genetic cross
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER -The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and
environmental influences.
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER -the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with
reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele - CORRECT ANSWER -any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation,
that are responsible for hereditary variation.
,Homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER -having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of
hereditary characteristics
Heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER -having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary
characteristic
Dominant Trait - CORRECT ANSWER -a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents
contributes it
Recessive Trait - CORRECT ANSWER -a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order
to appear in the offspring
Nondisjunction - CORRECT ANSWER -the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into
daughter cells at division
Mutation - CORRECT ANSWER -a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more
heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
Genetic Engineering - CORRECT ANSWER -the development and application of scientific
methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in
order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
Recombinant DNA - CORRECT ANSWER -DNA in which one or more segments or genes have
been inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from
another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER -The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA
template resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
, Replication - CORRECT ANSWER -the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such
as DNA molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
Traslation - CORRECT ANSWER -The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the
production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being controlled
by the base sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWER -the interaction of a community of organisms with their
environment
Producer - CORRECT ANSWER -An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for
other organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through
photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances into
food through chemosynthesis
Anterior - CORRECT ANSWER -The front surface of the body
Posterior - CORRECT ANSWER -Near the tail end of the body
Chemoautotroph - CORRECT ANSWER -an organism that depends on inorganic chemicals for its
energy and principally on carbon dioxide for its carbon
Dichotomous Key - CORRECT ANSWER -used to identify a plant or animal in which each stage
presents descriptions of two distinguishing characters, with a direction to another stage in the
key, until the species is identified
Binomial Nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER -a system for naming plants and animals by means
of two Latin names: the first indicating the genus and the second the species to which the
organism belongs
