PORTAGE LEARNING BIOD 101 UPDATED FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔How does the shape of a protein influence its function? - ✔✔Depending on the
shape of a protein, it may have the ability to perform a variety of functions.
✔✔What are the roles of the two major types of nucleic acids? - ✔✔DNA contains
hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living
organisms
RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to
synthesize proteins
✔✔Describe the structure of DNA and RNA - ✔✔DNA and RNA present themselves as
chains of nucleotides. RNA is most commonly a single chain of nucleotides whereas
DNA is a double chain held together by hydrogen bonds between bases
✔✔What are some main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? -
✔✔Prokaryotic: considered simple cells and are defined by size, non-enclosed genetic
material, and a lack of organelles
Eukaryotic: cells more complex, larger in size, possess a nuclear membrane, and
contain membrane bound organelles
✔✔What organelles of the cells are complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that
assemble proteins? - ✔✔Ribosomes
✔✔What three types of protein fibers make up the cytoskeleton - ✔✔Microtubules,
Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments
✔✔Which type of cell junctions are mechanical structures that wrap around the cell to
prevent extracellular fluid from leaking - ✔✔Tight junctions
✔✔What is the purpose of the cell membrane? - ✔✔The cell membrane is responsible
for enclosing the cell's cytoplasm and organelles and separates the extracellular
environment from the intracellular environment
✔✔Explain the main difference between passive and active transport and provide an
example of each. - ✔✔Passive transport occurs when substances move through the
membrane without the input of energy. Examples include simple diffusion, osmosis,
filtration, and facilitated diffusion. Active transport occurs when an input of energy is
required to move substances through the membrane. An example is the sodium-
potassium pump
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔How does the shape of a protein influence its function? - ✔✔Depending on the
shape of a protein, it may have the ability to perform a variety of functions.
✔✔What are the roles of the two major types of nucleic acids? - ✔✔DNA contains
hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living
organisms
RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to
synthesize proteins
✔✔Describe the structure of DNA and RNA - ✔✔DNA and RNA present themselves as
chains of nucleotides. RNA is most commonly a single chain of nucleotides whereas
DNA is a double chain held together by hydrogen bonds between bases
✔✔What are some main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? -
✔✔Prokaryotic: considered simple cells and are defined by size, non-enclosed genetic
material, and a lack of organelles
Eukaryotic: cells more complex, larger in size, possess a nuclear membrane, and
contain membrane bound organelles
✔✔What organelles of the cells are complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that
assemble proteins? - ✔✔Ribosomes
✔✔What three types of protein fibers make up the cytoskeleton - ✔✔Microtubules,
Microfilaments, and Intermediate filaments
✔✔Which type of cell junctions are mechanical structures that wrap around the cell to
prevent extracellular fluid from leaking - ✔✔Tight junctions
✔✔What is the purpose of the cell membrane? - ✔✔The cell membrane is responsible
for enclosing the cell's cytoplasm and organelles and separates the extracellular
environment from the intracellular environment
✔✔Explain the main difference between passive and active transport and provide an
example of each. - ✔✔Passive transport occurs when substances move through the
membrane without the input of energy. Examples include simple diffusion, osmosis,
filtration, and facilitated diffusion. Active transport occurs when an input of energy is
required to move substances through the membrane. An example is the sodium-
potassium pump
