Exam 1 Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Post OP Assessments include: labs (CBC, electrolytes), nutrition(albumin), wound
inspection, lung sounds, bowel sounds, urine output
, Major complications related to post op: Respiratory: Atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism
Cardiovascular: Hypotension, hypertension, dysrhythmias, DVT
GI: Nausea/vomiting, ileus, constipation
GU: urinary retention, UTI
Neuro: Delirium, pain, stroke
Skin: Infection, dehiscence, evisceration
Post-operative terms and meanings: Dehiscence: Wound reopening
Evisceration: Organs protruding through wound
Atelectasis: Collapsed alveoli, risk for pneumonia
DVT: Blood clot formation and embolism
SSI: Surgical site infection
Post OP Nursing intervention Splinting wounds, incentive spirometry, early ambulation,
right diet, hydration, pain management, anti-embolism devices, ABC
Medications given preoperatively: - Sedatives (Midazolam)
- Anticholinergics (Atropine, scopolamine) reduced secretions
- Antiemetics (Phenergan) – prevents nausea
- Antibiotics – infection prevention
Drug classifications & examples: - NSAIDs: Inflammation, pain relief (Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin)-
thin your blood
- Scopolamine: Anticholinergic – reduces secretions
- Robinul (Glycopyrrolate): Anticholinergic, dries secretions
- Atropine: Reduces secretions, increases HR
- Phenergan: Antiemetic, sedative; watch for sedation, hypotension
- Acetophenone: Tylenol - Minimal anti-inflammatory, children can take
- Opioid Analgesics: Morphine, Fenty(mcg), oxy, Dilauted= hydromorphone
Severe pain, sedation
Post-op assessment process: Expected: Slight temp increase, mild discomfort, return of bowel sounds in 1-3
days
Unexpected: Bleeding, fever > 101 F, tachycardia, hypoxia, wound dehiscence
Importance: Early detection can prevent serious complications
Prioritization post-operative: - ABC
- Maslow’s Hierarchy
- Adress pain, oxygenation, bleeding
Example: a client with a low o2> nausea> minor wound drainage
Malignant Hyperthermia (MH): Patho: Genetic reaction to anesthesia → muscle rigidity, hyperthermia
Signs: Increased CO2, tachycardia, muscle rigidity, rapid temp rise, rapid temp
rise.
Nursing actions: Stop anesthesia, administer dantrolene, cool patient, notify
surgeon
Pre/post-surgical nursing interventions: Pre: Teaching, consent check, NPO, Med review
Post: Monitor VS, pain, wound, mobility, respiratory status
Safety: Fall risk, infection control, DVT prevention
What are the key components of pain assessment? Includes patient self-report, influenced by culture, age, and past experience.
Post OP Assessments include: labs (CBC, electrolytes), nutrition(albumin), wound
inspection, lung sounds, bowel sounds, urine output
, Major complications related to post op: Respiratory: Atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism
Cardiovascular: Hypotension, hypertension, dysrhythmias, DVT
GI: Nausea/vomiting, ileus, constipation
GU: urinary retention, UTI
Neuro: Delirium, pain, stroke
Skin: Infection, dehiscence, evisceration
Post-operative terms and meanings: Dehiscence: Wound reopening
Evisceration: Organs protruding through wound
Atelectasis: Collapsed alveoli, risk for pneumonia
DVT: Blood clot formation and embolism
SSI: Surgical site infection
Post OP Nursing intervention Splinting wounds, incentive spirometry, early ambulation,
right diet, hydration, pain management, anti-embolism devices, ABC
Medications given preoperatively: - Sedatives (Midazolam)
- Anticholinergics (Atropine, scopolamine) reduced secretions
- Antiemetics (Phenergan) – prevents nausea
- Antibiotics – infection prevention
Drug classifications & examples: - NSAIDs: Inflammation, pain relief (Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin)-
thin your blood
- Scopolamine: Anticholinergic – reduces secretions
- Robinul (Glycopyrrolate): Anticholinergic, dries secretions
- Atropine: Reduces secretions, increases HR
- Phenergan: Antiemetic, sedative; watch for sedation, hypotension
- Acetophenone: Tylenol - Minimal anti-inflammatory, children can take
- Opioid Analgesics: Morphine, Fenty(mcg), oxy, Dilauted= hydromorphone
Severe pain, sedation
Post-op assessment process: Expected: Slight temp increase, mild discomfort, return of bowel sounds in 1-3
days
Unexpected: Bleeding, fever > 101 F, tachycardia, hypoxia, wound dehiscence
Importance: Early detection can prevent serious complications
Prioritization post-operative: - ABC
- Maslow’s Hierarchy
- Adress pain, oxygenation, bleeding
Example: a client with a low o2> nausea> minor wound drainage
Malignant Hyperthermia (MH): Patho: Genetic reaction to anesthesia → muscle rigidity, hyperthermia
Signs: Increased CO2, tachycardia, muscle rigidity, rapid temp rise, rapid temp
rise.
Nursing actions: Stop anesthesia, administer dantrolene, cool patient, notify
surgeon
Pre/post-surgical nursing interventions: Pre: Teaching, consent check, NPO, Med review
Post: Monitor VS, pain, wound, mobility, respiratory status
Safety: Fall risk, infection control, DVT prevention
What are the key components of pain assessment? Includes patient self-report, influenced by culture, age, and past experience.
