CYBERSECURITY FUNDAMENTALS EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER WITH
EXPLANATION GRADED A+ STUDY GUIDE SOUTHERN
NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIVERSITY
1. Cybersecurity is:
A. Hardware repair
B. Protection of systems, networks, and data from attacks
C. Software development only
D. Database design
Answer: B
Rationale: Cybersecurity focuses on protecting digital assets.
2. CIA in cybersecurity stands for:
A. Control, Integrity, Access
B. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
C. Control, Internet, Access
D. Confidentiality, Internet, Authorization
Answer: B
Rationale: Core security principles.
3. Confidentiality means:
A. Data is deleted
B. Only authorized users access data
C. Data is public
D. Data is duplicated
Answer: B
Rationale: Prevents unauthorized access.
4. Integrity ensures:
A. Data is changed randomly
B. Data is accurate and unaltered
C. Data is deleted
D. Data is hidden
Answer: B
Rationale: Prevents unauthorized modification.
,5. Availability means:
A. Data is always deleted
B. Systems are accessible when needed
C. Data is encrypted only
D. Systems are offline
Answer: B
Rationale: Ensures system uptime.
6. Malware is:
A. Helpful software
B. Malicious software
C. Hardware
D. OS
Answer: B
Rationale: Harmful programs.
7. Virus is:
A. Hardware component
B. Malicious code that spreads
C. Network device
D. OS feature
Answer: B
Rationale: Self-replicating malware.
8. Worm is:
A. Requires human action
B. Self-replicating malware over networks
C. Hardware
D. Encryption tool
Answer: B
Rationale: Spreads automatically.
9. Trojan horse is:
A. Hardware tool
B. Malware disguised as legitimate software
C. Antivirus
D. Firewall
Answer: B
Rationale: Hidden malicious program.
, 10. Ransomware is:
A. Free software
B. Malware that encrypts files for payment
C. OS tool
D. Browser
Answer: B
Rationale: Extortion-based attack.
11. Phishing is:
A. Hardware issue
B. Fraudulent attempt to steal data
C. Programming method
D. Encryption method
Answer: B
Rationale: Social engineering attack.
12. Spear phishing targets:
A. Random users
B. Specific individuals
C. Hardware
D. Servers only
Answer: B
Rationale: Targeted attack.
13. Social engineering is:
A. Coding
B. Manipulating people to reveal information
C. Hardware repair
D. OS installation
Answer: B
Rationale: Human exploitation.
14. Firewall is used to:
A. Speed up CPU
B. Block unauthorized network access
C. Store files
D. Design websites
Answer: B
Rationale: Network protection.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER WITH
EXPLANATION GRADED A+ STUDY GUIDE SOUTHERN
NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIVERSITY
1. Cybersecurity is:
A. Hardware repair
B. Protection of systems, networks, and data from attacks
C. Software development only
D. Database design
Answer: B
Rationale: Cybersecurity focuses on protecting digital assets.
2. CIA in cybersecurity stands for:
A. Control, Integrity, Access
B. Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
C. Control, Internet, Access
D. Confidentiality, Internet, Authorization
Answer: B
Rationale: Core security principles.
3. Confidentiality means:
A. Data is deleted
B. Only authorized users access data
C. Data is public
D. Data is duplicated
Answer: B
Rationale: Prevents unauthorized access.
4. Integrity ensures:
A. Data is changed randomly
B. Data is accurate and unaltered
C. Data is deleted
D. Data is hidden
Answer: B
Rationale: Prevents unauthorized modification.
,5. Availability means:
A. Data is always deleted
B. Systems are accessible when needed
C. Data is encrypted only
D. Systems are offline
Answer: B
Rationale: Ensures system uptime.
6. Malware is:
A. Helpful software
B. Malicious software
C. Hardware
D. OS
Answer: B
Rationale: Harmful programs.
7. Virus is:
A. Hardware component
B. Malicious code that spreads
C. Network device
D. OS feature
Answer: B
Rationale: Self-replicating malware.
8. Worm is:
A. Requires human action
B. Self-replicating malware over networks
C. Hardware
D. Encryption tool
Answer: B
Rationale: Spreads automatically.
9. Trojan horse is:
A. Hardware tool
B. Malware disguised as legitimate software
C. Antivirus
D. Firewall
Answer: B
Rationale: Hidden malicious program.
, 10. Ransomware is:
A. Free software
B. Malware that encrypts files for payment
C. OS tool
D. Browser
Answer: B
Rationale: Extortion-based attack.
11. Phishing is:
A. Hardware issue
B. Fraudulent attempt to steal data
C. Programming method
D. Encryption method
Answer: B
Rationale: Social engineering attack.
12. Spear phishing targets:
A. Random users
B. Specific individuals
C. Hardware
D. Servers only
Answer: B
Rationale: Targeted attack.
13. Social engineering is:
A. Coding
B. Manipulating people to reveal information
C. Hardware repair
D. OS installation
Answer: B
Rationale: Human exploitation.
14. Firewall is used to:
A. Speed up CPU
B. Block unauthorized network access
C. Store files
D. Design websites
Answer: B
Rationale: Network protection.
