PN 3006 LATEST EXAMS 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FIRM A+
✔✔Abdomen in neonate - ✔✔Normally protruberant; liver can be felt 2-3cm below right
coastal margin
✔✔Umbilical cord in neonate - ✔✔Normally blue to white at birth. 2 arteries and 1 vein
✔✔Female genitalia in neonate - ✔✔Normally labia majora covers labia minora. In
preterm may not be the case
✔✔Male genitalia in neonate - ✔✔Normally perpuce covers entire glands penis
✔✔Spine in neonate - ✔✔Normally curvature of spine is C shaped
✔✔Anus in neonate - ✔✔Meconium should be passed w/in 24hrs of birth; patency
should be checked
✔✔ When is newborn assessment done - ✔✔ASAP after birth; done periodically
afterward until discharge from care
✔✔Purpose of Newborn Assessment - ✔✔Detect disease in early stage, determine
cause and effect of disease, teach child and parent, predict future health, determine
nature of treatment or care if needed
✔✔After initial assessment, how should you assess - ✔✔1 hour after feedings; in a
neutral environment; in presence of a parent; gently and methodically (from top to
bottom); systems that require a quiet child first
✔✔Apgar Assessment - ✔✔1 and 5 minutes after birth; assesses heart rate, respiratory
effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability and colour; maximum score is 10 the baby is in
good condition; <6 at 5 minutes needs an additional assessment at 10 minutes
✔✔Causes of low Apgar score - ✔✔CNS disease, congenital muscular disease,
asphyxia, maternal drugs, prematurity, fetal sepsis
✔✔Phases of newborn assessment - ✔✔Initial
Transitional
Assessment of gestational age
Systemic physical examinations
✔✔Temperature of newborn - ✔✔Normal 36.5-37.5; hypothermia < 36; hyperthermia
>41
ANSWERS FIRM A+
✔✔Abdomen in neonate - ✔✔Normally protruberant; liver can be felt 2-3cm below right
coastal margin
✔✔Umbilical cord in neonate - ✔✔Normally blue to white at birth. 2 arteries and 1 vein
✔✔Female genitalia in neonate - ✔✔Normally labia majora covers labia minora. In
preterm may not be the case
✔✔Male genitalia in neonate - ✔✔Normally perpuce covers entire glands penis
✔✔Spine in neonate - ✔✔Normally curvature of spine is C shaped
✔✔Anus in neonate - ✔✔Meconium should be passed w/in 24hrs of birth; patency
should be checked
✔✔ When is newborn assessment done - ✔✔ASAP after birth; done periodically
afterward until discharge from care
✔✔Purpose of Newborn Assessment - ✔✔Detect disease in early stage, determine
cause and effect of disease, teach child and parent, predict future health, determine
nature of treatment or care if needed
✔✔After initial assessment, how should you assess - ✔✔1 hour after feedings; in a
neutral environment; in presence of a parent; gently and methodically (from top to
bottom); systems that require a quiet child first
✔✔Apgar Assessment - ✔✔1 and 5 minutes after birth; assesses heart rate, respiratory
effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability and colour; maximum score is 10 the baby is in
good condition; <6 at 5 minutes needs an additional assessment at 10 minutes
✔✔Causes of low Apgar score - ✔✔CNS disease, congenital muscular disease,
asphyxia, maternal drugs, prematurity, fetal sepsis
✔✔Phases of newborn assessment - ✔✔Initial
Transitional
Assessment of gestational age
Systemic physical examinations
✔✔Temperature of newborn - ✔✔Normal 36.5-37.5; hypothermia < 36; hyperthermia
>41
