WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
300 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is true about restrictive lung disorders?
They impair lung ventilation and inflation.
Ex: Pneumothorax
How does pneumonia impair gas exchange?
The alveoli are filled with purulent material in pneumonia which prevents the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Aspiration pneumonia is caused by __________________________ swallowed by
the oropharynx.
Aerobic bacteria – foreign matter that is inhaled into the lungs.
Which disorder is a pulmonary embolism most commonly a complication of?
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
,Melissa is a 46-year-old woman who presents to an urgent care clinic for
SOB, chest pain, and a cough that started about four days ago. She reports
that the cough is productive of yellow sputum. What are the
pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Melissa’s SOB and cough?
SOB or dyspnea is often caused by diseases that impair gas exchange or
oxygenation.
A lower blood oxygen level can trigger dyspnea
Coughing is triggered by mechanical or chemical irritants to the airways –
including excess mucous caused by inflammation.
Melissa’s temperature is 101.1 F (37 C) and her oxygen saturation is 89% on
room air. During auscultation of Melissa's lungs, the provider notes crackles
and rhonchi in her RLL. A CXR reveals infiltrates in the RLL of the lung. What
disease process is Melissa most likely experiencing?
Pneumonia
**an inflammatory (and typically infectious) disease.
Is pneumonia an upper or lower airway disease?
Lower airway, specifically the alveoli. Crackles and rhonchi are suggestive of
lower airway inflammation, as fluid and pus from the inflammatory process
create these sounds.
What could be the causative agent of pneumonia?
Bacteria but can also be caused by viruses or fungi.
,Infections that affect the nose, throat, and sinuses are called ________
________________ _________ __________________. Examples of this include
_______________.
Upper respiratory infection (URTIs)
#Common cold
#Sinue, nose, throat
#Epiglottitis
#Laryngitis
#Pharyngitis (sore throat)
#Mono
#Rhinitis
#Croup
Infections that occur in the airways and lungs are called ___________
___________________ ________ _________________. Examples of this include
_______________.
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTIs)
#Bronchitis
#Pneumonia
#Brinchiolitis
#Tuberculosis
#Asthma
, A long term lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline
silica dust is called ______________.
Silicosis
What are the causes of asthma?
#Bronchial obstruction due to hypersensitive or responsive airways
#Extrinsic asthma: triggered by type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
#Intrinsic asthma: adult onset; due to hyperresponsive airway tissue
What are the risk factors of an asthma attack?
#Triggers: cold, exercise, stress, inhalant or irritants
What are asthma manifestations?
#Dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia
#Wheezing
#Coughing
#Chest tightness
#Thick mucous
#Respiratory distress
#Conversational dyspnea
#Accessory muscle use
#Nasal flaring
#Tripod position
300 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is true about restrictive lung disorders?
They impair lung ventilation and inflation.
Ex: Pneumothorax
How does pneumonia impair gas exchange?
The alveoli are filled with purulent material in pneumonia which prevents the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Aspiration pneumonia is caused by __________________________ swallowed by
the oropharynx.
Aerobic bacteria – foreign matter that is inhaled into the lungs.
Which disorder is a pulmonary embolism most commonly a complication of?
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
,Melissa is a 46-year-old woman who presents to an urgent care clinic for
SOB, chest pain, and a cough that started about four days ago. She reports
that the cough is productive of yellow sputum. What are the
pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Melissa’s SOB and cough?
SOB or dyspnea is often caused by diseases that impair gas exchange or
oxygenation.
A lower blood oxygen level can trigger dyspnea
Coughing is triggered by mechanical or chemical irritants to the airways –
including excess mucous caused by inflammation.
Melissa’s temperature is 101.1 F (37 C) and her oxygen saturation is 89% on
room air. During auscultation of Melissa's lungs, the provider notes crackles
and rhonchi in her RLL. A CXR reveals infiltrates in the RLL of the lung. What
disease process is Melissa most likely experiencing?
Pneumonia
**an inflammatory (and typically infectious) disease.
Is pneumonia an upper or lower airway disease?
Lower airway, specifically the alveoli. Crackles and rhonchi are suggestive of
lower airway inflammation, as fluid and pus from the inflammatory process
create these sounds.
What could be the causative agent of pneumonia?
Bacteria but can also be caused by viruses or fungi.
,Infections that affect the nose, throat, and sinuses are called ________
________________ _________ __________________. Examples of this include
_______________.
Upper respiratory infection (URTIs)
#Common cold
#Sinue, nose, throat
#Epiglottitis
#Laryngitis
#Pharyngitis (sore throat)
#Mono
#Rhinitis
#Croup
Infections that occur in the airways and lungs are called ___________
___________________ ________ _________________. Examples of this include
_______________.
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTIs)
#Bronchitis
#Pneumonia
#Brinchiolitis
#Tuberculosis
#Asthma
, A long term lung disease caused by inhaling large amounts of crystalline
silica dust is called ______________.
Silicosis
What are the causes of asthma?
#Bronchial obstruction due to hypersensitive or responsive airways
#Extrinsic asthma: triggered by type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
#Intrinsic asthma: adult onset; due to hyperresponsive airway tissue
What are the risk factors of an asthma attack?
#Triggers: cold, exercise, stress, inhalant or irritants
What are asthma manifestations?
#Dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia
#Wheezing
#Coughing
#Chest tightness
#Thick mucous
#Respiratory distress
#Conversational dyspnea
#Accessory muscle use
#Nasal flaring
#Tripod position
