MCPHS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Exam 2
Questions and Answers 2026 | Comprehensive
Review with Detailed Rationales | Grade A+
• Mature bone matrix is composed of _________ material like collagen and
proteoglycans and ________ material like hydroxyapatite. -✓✓organic, inorganic
• What are osteoblasts? -✓✓Bone-forming cells that produce and package matrix
collagen and proteoglycans
• identify the 4 components of the skeletal system -✓✓bones, tendons, cartilages,
ligaments
• What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called? -
✓✓osteocytes
• What is the perichondrium? -✓✓connective tissue surrounding cartilage
• Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue? -✓✓Spaces between
lamellae that contain osteocytes
• Describe the overall composition of bone tissue. -✓✓Bone consists of bone cells and
matrix. The bones cells create the matrix, which is constantly being maintained and
replaced.
• What is an osteoclast? -✓✓A bone-destroying cell that plays an important role in bone
remodeling
• By weight, mature bone matrix is mostly _____ material. -✓✓inorganic
• a _____ bone is the traditional model for overall bone structure -✓✓long
• Immature bone cells that produce the organic bone matrix are called ______. -
✓✓osteoblasts
• The center portion of a long bone is called the -✓✓diaphysis
• The hollow space in which an osteocyte resides is called a(n) -✓✓lacuna
• The bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called -
✓✓osteoclasts
, • The end of a long bone is called a(n) -✓✓epiphysis
• The diaphysis is the center portion of a(n) _____ bone. -✓✓long
• The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called -
✓✓endosteum
• Flat bones contain an interior framework of _____ bone sandwiched between two
layers of _____ bone.
Multiple choice question. -✓✓spongy, compact
• During development, some bones arise from embryonic connective tissue membranes
in a process known as _____ bone formation. -✓✓intramembranous
• What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach
called? -✓✓epiphysis
• In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into
longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae? -✓✓zone of cell proliferation
• Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone? -✓✓endosteum
• Which type of bone contains an interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched
between two layers of compact bone? -✓✓flat bone
• Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ______ ossification. -
✓✓endochondral
• The zone of the epiphyseal plate that is nearest the epiphysis and contains randomly
arranged chondrocytes is the zone of ___ -✓✓resting cartilage
• Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate? -
✓✓Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a
thinning of lacunae walls.
• Long bones increase in width and other bones increase in size or thickness because
of ______ growth beneath the periosteum. -✓✓appositional
• An adult's potential height is determined by genetics but strongly influenced or
modified by what other factors? Select two answers. -✓✓hormones & nutrition
• What is rickets? -✓✓A condition caused by insufficient levels of vitamin D.
Questions and Answers 2026 | Comprehensive
Review with Detailed Rationales | Grade A+
• Mature bone matrix is composed of _________ material like collagen and
proteoglycans and ________ material like hydroxyapatite. -✓✓organic, inorganic
• What are osteoblasts? -✓✓Bone-forming cells that produce and package matrix
collagen and proteoglycans
• identify the 4 components of the skeletal system -✓✓bones, tendons, cartilages,
ligaments
• What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called? -
✓✓osteocytes
• What is the perichondrium? -✓✓connective tissue surrounding cartilage
• Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue? -✓✓Spaces between
lamellae that contain osteocytes
• Describe the overall composition of bone tissue. -✓✓Bone consists of bone cells and
matrix. The bones cells create the matrix, which is constantly being maintained and
replaced.
• What is an osteoclast? -✓✓A bone-destroying cell that plays an important role in bone
remodeling
• By weight, mature bone matrix is mostly _____ material. -✓✓inorganic
• a _____ bone is the traditional model for overall bone structure -✓✓long
• Immature bone cells that produce the organic bone matrix are called ______. -
✓✓osteoblasts
• The center portion of a long bone is called the -✓✓diaphysis
• The hollow space in which an osteocyte resides is called a(n) -✓✓lacuna
• The bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called -
✓✓osteoclasts
, • The end of a long bone is called a(n) -✓✓epiphysis
• The diaphysis is the center portion of a(n) _____ bone. -✓✓long
• The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called -
✓✓endosteum
• Flat bones contain an interior framework of _____ bone sandwiched between two
layers of _____ bone.
Multiple choice question. -✓✓spongy, compact
• During development, some bones arise from embryonic connective tissue membranes
in a process known as _____ bone formation. -✓✓intramembranous
• What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach
called? -✓✓epiphysis
• In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into
longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae? -✓✓zone of cell proliferation
• Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone? -✓✓endosteum
• Which type of bone contains an interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched
between two layers of compact bone? -✓✓flat bone
• Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ______ ossification. -
✓✓endochondral
• The zone of the epiphyseal plate that is nearest the epiphysis and contains randomly
arranged chondrocytes is the zone of ___ -✓✓resting cartilage
• Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate? -
✓✓Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a
thinning of lacunae walls.
• Long bones increase in width and other bones increase in size or thickness because
of ______ growth beneath the periosteum. -✓✓appositional
• An adult's potential height is determined by genetics but strongly influenced or
modified by what other factors? Select two answers. -✓✓hormones & nutrition
• What is rickets? -✓✓A condition caused by insufficient levels of vitamin D.
