CLTM STUDY EXAMS GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔As what level of blood flow do EEG abnormalities begin to show? - ✔✔25-35
ml/100g/min. Irreversible neurolnal death begins at flows below 12ml/100g/min.
✔✔Normal cerebral blood flow level (in 100mL/100g/min): - ✔✔50-70 (or possibly as
low as 35) mL/100g/min
✔✔How long before brain cells start to die when deprived of oxygen? - ✔✔3-5 minutes
✔✔Irreversible neuronal death begins at blood flows below - ✔✔12ml/100g/min.
✔✔The minimum threshold of time that it takes for irreversible neuronal death and
electrocerebral inactivity due to lack of cerebral blood flow is - ✔✔4 minutes
✔✔Broca's Area - ✔✔Located in the inferior frontal gyrus (usually on the left) and
functions in the production of written and spoken language/expressive speech
✔✔Wernicke's Area - ✔✔Located in the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus
of one hemisphere (usually on the left) and functions in receptive speech and word
comprehension.
✔✔What area of the brain houses the cerebellum, pons, medulla and fourth ventricle
and is the most common location of pediatric brain tumors - ✔✔-Posterior fossa.
-65% of pediatric turmors arise in the posterior fossa.
✔✔Damage to this area results in the receptive aphasia (hint: located in superior
temporal gyrus of dominant hemisphere). - ✔✔Wernicke's area
✔✔Damage to this area will result in expressive aphasia (hints: inferior frontal gyrus,
Brodmann areas 44 and 45) - ✔✔Broca's area
✔✔Angular Gyrus - ✔✔Somatosensory area of the parietal lobe, importana in language
function, number processing, spatial recognition, memory retrieval, and attention
✔✔Insula - ✔✔Located deep within the lateral sulcus between the frontal and temporal
lobes. Functions include perception, motor control, self-awareness, interpersonal
experience, regulation of homeostasis, consciousness, and emotion.
✔✔Limbic system: location, function and the structures that make up the system - ✔✔-
Located deep within the medial temporal lobe.
-Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglie, and
cingulate gyrus.
, -Functions: emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction.
-Limbic structures serve as bridges between autonomic and voluntary responses to
changes in environment
✔✔The rprimary auditory cortex located in the surperior part of the temporal lobe =
gyrus - ✔✔Heschl's Gyrus
✔✔With respect to the 10-10 system of electrode placement, which electrode site is
lateral to T7? - ✔✔T9
✔✔With respect to the 10-10 system of electrode placement, which electrode site is
medial to T8 - ✔✔C6
✔✔With respect to the 10-10 system of electrode placement, which electrode site is
lateral to T8 - ✔✔T10
✔✔What is the acceptable application technique for disk electrodes per ACNS
Guideline for LTM? - ✔✔Collodion. Paste alone is not recommended
✔✔What is the recommended depth of sphenoidal electrodes? - ✔✔Insterted bilaterally
through the skin below the zygomatic arches in the direction of the foramen ovale by
anelectroencephalographer or qualified physician. Flexible wire electrodes are placed 3-
4 cm deep.
✔✔Intracranial Electrodes are made from - ✔✔Platinum or stainless steel.
✔✔Sphenoidal electrodes record activity from the: - ✔✔Mesial and anterior temporal
lobe.
✔✔Which of the following is the appropriate construction for sphenoidal electrodes?
a. solid wire
b. solid needle
c. flexible braided wire - ✔✔C. flexible braided wire
also, sphenoidal electrodes should be insulated except at the tip.
✔✔Sphenoidal electrodes are placed by a - ✔✔Physician. (Note: forman ovale
electrodes are placed by a neurosurgeon.)
✔✔What type of electrode detects mesial temporal discharges better than sphenoidal
and scalp electrodes but is less invasive than intracerebral, grid, and strip electrodes?
Hint: no skull penetration required - ✔✔Foramen ovale electrodes
SURE A+
✔✔As what level of blood flow do EEG abnormalities begin to show? - ✔✔25-35
ml/100g/min. Irreversible neurolnal death begins at flows below 12ml/100g/min.
✔✔Normal cerebral blood flow level (in 100mL/100g/min): - ✔✔50-70 (or possibly as
low as 35) mL/100g/min
✔✔How long before brain cells start to die when deprived of oxygen? - ✔✔3-5 minutes
✔✔Irreversible neuronal death begins at blood flows below - ✔✔12ml/100g/min.
✔✔The minimum threshold of time that it takes for irreversible neuronal death and
electrocerebral inactivity due to lack of cerebral blood flow is - ✔✔4 minutes
✔✔Broca's Area - ✔✔Located in the inferior frontal gyrus (usually on the left) and
functions in the production of written and spoken language/expressive speech
✔✔Wernicke's Area - ✔✔Located in the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus
of one hemisphere (usually on the left) and functions in receptive speech and word
comprehension.
✔✔What area of the brain houses the cerebellum, pons, medulla and fourth ventricle
and is the most common location of pediatric brain tumors - ✔✔-Posterior fossa.
-65% of pediatric turmors arise in the posterior fossa.
✔✔Damage to this area results in the receptive aphasia (hint: located in superior
temporal gyrus of dominant hemisphere). - ✔✔Wernicke's area
✔✔Damage to this area will result in expressive aphasia (hints: inferior frontal gyrus,
Brodmann areas 44 and 45) - ✔✔Broca's area
✔✔Angular Gyrus - ✔✔Somatosensory area of the parietal lobe, importana in language
function, number processing, spatial recognition, memory retrieval, and attention
✔✔Insula - ✔✔Located deep within the lateral sulcus between the frontal and temporal
lobes. Functions include perception, motor control, self-awareness, interpersonal
experience, regulation of homeostasis, consciousness, and emotion.
✔✔Limbic system: location, function and the structures that make up the system - ✔✔-
Located deep within the medial temporal lobe.
-Includes the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglie, and
cingulate gyrus.
, -Functions: emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction.
-Limbic structures serve as bridges between autonomic and voluntary responses to
changes in environment
✔✔The rprimary auditory cortex located in the surperior part of the temporal lobe =
gyrus - ✔✔Heschl's Gyrus
✔✔With respect to the 10-10 system of electrode placement, which electrode site is
lateral to T7? - ✔✔T9
✔✔With respect to the 10-10 system of electrode placement, which electrode site is
medial to T8 - ✔✔C6
✔✔With respect to the 10-10 system of electrode placement, which electrode site is
lateral to T8 - ✔✔T10
✔✔What is the acceptable application technique for disk electrodes per ACNS
Guideline for LTM? - ✔✔Collodion. Paste alone is not recommended
✔✔What is the recommended depth of sphenoidal electrodes? - ✔✔Insterted bilaterally
through the skin below the zygomatic arches in the direction of the foramen ovale by
anelectroencephalographer or qualified physician. Flexible wire electrodes are placed 3-
4 cm deep.
✔✔Intracranial Electrodes are made from - ✔✔Platinum or stainless steel.
✔✔Sphenoidal electrodes record activity from the: - ✔✔Mesial and anterior temporal
lobe.
✔✔Which of the following is the appropriate construction for sphenoidal electrodes?
a. solid wire
b. solid needle
c. flexible braided wire - ✔✔C. flexible braided wire
also, sphenoidal electrodes should be insulated except at the tip.
✔✔Sphenoidal electrodes are placed by a - ✔✔Physician. (Note: forman ovale
electrodes are placed by a neurosurgeon.)
✔✔What type of electrode detects mesial temporal discharges better than sphenoidal
and scalp electrodes but is less invasive than intracerebral, grid, and strip electrodes?
Hint: no skull penetration required - ✔✔Foramen ovale electrodes
