Psych 357 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
ADHD Correct Answers ADHD: inattention, impulsivity, and
excessive motor activity resulting in academic and social
problems. Often they ignore social rules and lash out with
hostility when frustrated (not all are hyperactive though).
For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD the symptoms must
appear before age 12 as a persistent problem.
Boys are diagnosed two or three times as often as girls.
However, many girls with ADHD seem to be overlooked, either
because their symptoms are less flagrant or because of a gender
bias.
Due to difficulty concentrating, children with ADHD score
lower in IQ, have difficulties with planning, memory, reasoning,
and problem solving in academic and social situations.
ADHD runs in families and is highly heritable; it can also be
related to environmental factors (i.e., prenatal teratogens,
parents with psychological disorders, high familial stress levels,
etc.)
aging at the DNA level Correct Answers Programmed effects
of specific genes
If your parents lived long you will live longer
'Aging genes' - control biological changes
Telomere shortening with time
,Cumulative effects of random events that damage
genetic/cellular
DNA in body cells is gradually damaged through spontaneous or
externally caused mutations.
As these accumulate, cell repair and replacement becomes less
efficient.
Free-Radicals: naturally occurring, highly reactive chemicals
that form in the presence of oxygen.
Body proportions Correct Answers During puberty, the
cephalocaudal growth trend of infancy and childhood reverses
(i.e., the hands, legs, and feet accelerate first, followed by the
torso, which accounts for most of the adolescent height gain).
This pattern helps to explain why early adolescents often appear
awkward and out of proportion - long-legged and with giant feet
and hands.
Large sex differences in body proportions also appear caused by
the action of sex hormones on the skeleton
Boys' shoulders broaden relative to the hips, whereas girls' hips
broaden relative to the shoulders and waist.
Boys also end up larger than girls, and their legs are longer in
relation to the rest of the body - mainly because boys have extra
, years of preadolescent growth, when the legs are growing the
fastest.
Brain changes in young adulthood - what happens to the brain as
young adults become increasingly proficient in a chosen field of
endeavor? Correct Answers Regions of the cerebral cortex
specialized for activities undergo further experience-dependent
brain growth.
More efficient functioning
Structural changes occur as greater knowledge and refinement of
skills result in **more cortical tissue devoted to the task and
reorganization of brain areas controlling the activity.**
Changes in abilities to pay attention Correct Answers School-
age children become better at deliberately attending to relevant
aspects of a task and inhibiting irrelevant responses.
One way researchers study this increasing selectivity of attention
is by introducing irrelevant stimuli into a task and seeing how
well children attend to its central elements.
Performance improves sharply between ages 6 and 10.
Selectivity and flexibility of attention become better controlled
and more efficient. These skills contribute to more organized,
strategic approaches to challenging tasks.
Cliques and crowds: Correct Answers Cliques:
ADHD Correct Answers ADHD: inattention, impulsivity, and
excessive motor activity resulting in academic and social
problems. Often they ignore social rules and lash out with
hostility when frustrated (not all are hyperactive though).
For a child to be diagnosed with ADHD the symptoms must
appear before age 12 as a persistent problem.
Boys are diagnosed two or three times as often as girls.
However, many girls with ADHD seem to be overlooked, either
because their symptoms are less flagrant or because of a gender
bias.
Due to difficulty concentrating, children with ADHD score
lower in IQ, have difficulties with planning, memory, reasoning,
and problem solving in academic and social situations.
ADHD runs in families and is highly heritable; it can also be
related to environmental factors (i.e., prenatal teratogens,
parents with psychological disorders, high familial stress levels,
etc.)
aging at the DNA level Correct Answers Programmed effects
of specific genes
If your parents lived long you will live longer
'Aging genes' - control biological changes
Telomere shortening with time
,Cumulative effects of random events that damage
genetic/cellular
DNA in body cells is gradually damaged through spontaneous or
externally caused mutations.
As these accumulate, cell repair and replacement becomes less
efficient.
Free-Radicals: naturally occurring, highly reactive chemicals
that form in the presence of oxygen.
Body proportions Correct Answers During puberty, the
cephalocaudal growth trend of infancy and childhood reverses
(i.e., the hands, legs, and feet accelerate first, followed by the
torso, which accounts for most of the adolescent height gain).
This pattern helps to explain why early adolescents often appear
awkward and out of proportion - long-legged and with giant feet
and hands.
Large sex differences in body proportions also appear caused by
the action of sex hormones on the skeleton
Boys' shoulders broaden relative to the hips, whereas girls' hips
broaden relative to the shoulders and waist.
Boys also end up larger than girls, and their legs are longer in
relation to the rest of the body - mainly because boys have extra
, years of preadolescent growth, when the legs are growing the
fastest.
Brain changes in young adulthood - what happens to the brain as
young adults become increasingly proficient in a chosen field of
endeavor? Correct Answers Regions of the cerebral cortex
specialized for activities undergo further experience-dependent
brain growth.
More efficient functioning
Structural changes occur as greater knowledge and refinement of
skills result in **more cortical tissue devoted to the task and
reorganization of brain areas controlling the activity.**
Changes in abilities to pay attention Correct Answers School-
age children become better at deliberately attending to relevant
aspects of a task and inhibiting irrelevant responses.
One way researchers study this increasing selectivity of attention
is by introducing irrelevant stimuli into a task and seeing how
well children attend to its central elements.
Performance improves sharply between ages 6 and 10.
Selectivity and flexibility of attention become better controlled
and more efficient. These skills contribute to more organized,
strategic approaches to challenging tasks.
Cliques and crowds: Correct Answers Cliques:
