CMN 548 Final Exam Study Guide
- Fall 2026 Update | 100% Correct
Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Term Answer
Primary prevention Addresses root cause of illness with healthy
individuals.
Goal: Prevent illness/disease/injury before Ex:
it occurs.
-Screenings for various disease processes. -Education about good nutrition, exercise,
dangers of tobacco, alcohol, drugs.
-Regular exams and screening tests to -Education and legislation about proper
monitor risk factors for illness. seatbelt and helmet use.
Secondary prevention Early identification and early treatment of
individuals with acute/subclinical disorders
or high-risk persons to reduce morbidity
Goal: Aims to slow or stop the progress of
disease in early stages.
Ex:
-A1c monitoring
-Telling people to take daily, low-dose
aspirin to prevent a first or second heart
attack or stroke
-Recommending regular exams and
screening tests in people with known risk
factors for illness
, -Providing suitably modified work for
injured workers
Tertiary prevention Attempts to reduce effects of disorders on
an individual through rehabilitation and
chronic illness care management
(i.e., diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and
chronic musculoskeletal pain)
Goal: Preventing further physical
deterioration and maximizing
quality of life
Ex:
-Therapy that meets periodically
-Cardiac or stroke rehabilitation program
-Chronic pain management program
-Patient support groups
Define dystonia Sustained muscle contraction with
consequent twisting movements/abnormal
postures. Manifested with hyperpronation
in upper extremities and foot inversion
with plantar flexion in lower extremities.
Clanging Speech with choice of words based on
sound, rather than meaning, as in rhyming
and punning.
Ex: "Look at my eyes and nose, wise eyes
and rosy nose. Two to one, the ayes have
it!"
Neologisms The invention of new "words."
, Circumstantiality Excessively indirect speech; speech is liable
to be over inclusive and include irrelevant
detail.
Echolalia The client repeats the words or phrases
spoken to him.
What is a recommended way to access Test the capacity to think abstractly in two
abstract thinking? ways.
Using Proverbs and Similarities At what BMI would the provider
investigate the possibility of anorexia?
85% of ideal body weight or BMI < 17.5 Which cranial nerve is assessed during a
patient's hearing test?
CN-VIII (8) Vestibulocochlear Cultural awareness
The ability to understand and accept one's Cultural competence
own cultural beliefs, values, and customs. It
also involves understanding and accepting
the values and beliefs of other cultures
Having the knowledge, abilities, and skills Cultural humility
to deliver care congruent with the client's
cultural beliefs and practices.
A process that requires humility as Cultural perceptivity
individuals continue engaging in self-
reflection and self critique as lifelong
learners and reflective practitioners in an
effort to address power imbalances and
advocate for others. It helps to implicit
bias, promotes empathy, and aids clinicians
in acknowledging and respecting
individuality.
How a person's culture influences their Oral apraxia
worldview.
Culture affects all areas of life, including
- Fall 2026 Update | 100% Correct
Graded A+
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Term Answer
Primary prevention Addresses root cause of illness with healthy
individuals.
Goal: Prevent illness/disease/injury before Ex:
it occurs.
-Screenings for various disease processes. -Education about good nutrition, exercise,
dangers of tobacco, alcohol, drugs.
-Regular exams and screening tests to -Education and legislation about proper
monitor risk factors for illness. seatbelt and helmet use.
Secondary prevention Early identification and early treatment of
individuals with acute/subclinical disorders
or high-risk persons to reduce morbidity
Goal: Aims to slow or stop the progress of
disease in early stages.
Ex:
-A1c monitoring
-Telling people to take daily, low-dose
aspirin to prevent a first or second heart
attack or stroke
-Recommending regular exams and
screening tests in people with known risk
factors for illness
, -Providing suitably modified work for
injured workers
Tertiary prevention Attempts to reduce effects of disorders on
an individual through rehabilitation and
chronic illness care management
(i.e., diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and
chronic musculoskeletal pain)
Goal: Preventing further physical
deterioration and maximizing
quality of life
Ex:
-Therapy that meets periodically
-Cardiac or stroke rehabilitation program
-Chronic pain management program
-Patient support groups
Define dystonia Sustained muscle contraction with
consequent twisting movements/abnormal
postures. Manifested with hyperpronation
in upper extremities and foot inversion
with plantar flexion in lower extremities.
Clanging Speech with choice of words based on
sound, rather than meaning, as in rhyming
and punning.
Ex: "Look at my eyes and nose, wise eyes
and rosy nose. Two to one, the ayes have
it!"
Neologisms The invention of new "words."
, Circumstantiality Excessively indirect speech; speech is liable
to be over inclusive and include irrelevant
detail.
Echolalia The client repeats the words or phrases
spoken to him.
What is a recommended way to access Test the capacity to think abstractly in two
abstract thinking? ways.
Using Proverbs and Similarities At what BMI would the provider
investigate the possibility of anorexia?
85% of ideal body weight or BMI < 17.5 Which cranial nerve is assessed during a
patient's hearing test?
CN-VIII (8) Vestibulocochlear Cultural awareness
The ability to understand and accept one's Cultural competence
own cultural beliefs, values, and customs. It
also involves understanding and accepting
the values and beliefs of other cultures
Having the knowledge, abilities, and skills Cultural humility
to deliver care congruent with the client's
cultural beliefs and practices.
A process that requires humility as Cultural perceptivity
individuals continue engaging in self-
reflection and self critique as lifelong
learners and reflective practitioners in an
effort to address power imbalances and
advocate for others. It helps to implicit
bias, promotes empathy, and aids clinicians
in acknowledging and respecting
individuality.
How a person's culture influences their Oral apraxia
worldview.
Culture affects all areas of life, including
