Chapter 24 Genetics and Genomics Exams #1
Questions with Correct Answers
Genes - ✔✔sequences of DNA that encode particular proteins. The protein has
the end result of a phenotype. They can contribute to our physcial diversity.
Genome - ✔✔All the DNA molecules in an organism; all of an organism's
chromosomes.
exome - ✔✔The human genome includes 20,325 protein-encoding genes,
constituting the _______. Those genes encode 100,000-200,000 different
proteins.
homolgous chromosomes - ✔✔members of a chromosome pair, have matching
info.
genotype - ✔✔the combination of alleles of a particular gene in an individual.
Huntington's disease - ✔✔Autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Only needs one
copy of the mutant allele. Loss of coordination and behavior changes do not occur
until late 30 or early 40s. Individuals do not realize they have it until they pass it
on to their children.
Cystic fibrosis - ✔✔Autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by
excessively thick mucus in the lungs. Single gene resulting in multiple phenotypes.
Example of pleiotropy.
, red green colorblindness - ✔✔sex-linked recessive disorder, found on X
chromosome. Males only need it on their one X chrom. to have it, females need it
on both XX.
DNA polymerase - ✔✔enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA whenever
cells are preparing to divide.
RNA polymerase - ✔✔makes a temporary copy of a DNA segment—> RNA
transcript. Messenger RNA translations nucleotides into amino acids.
genetic determinism - ✔✔The belief that genes are the major determining factor
in human behavior.
gene by environment interaction - ✔✔phenotype influenced by environment
experienced by individual
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - ✔✔DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-
protein
Mendelian Inheritance - ✔✔when traits are controlled in a purely
dominant/recessive fashion
Wild-type (wt) allele - ✔✔Occurs most frequently in nature and is usually, but not
always, dominant (old)
Mutant allele - ✔✔a rare allele in the same population (new)
Questions with Correct Answers
Genes - ✔✔sequences of DNA that encode particular proteins. The protein has
the end result of a phenotype. They can contribute to our physcial diversity.
Genome - ✔✔All the DNA molecules in an organism; all of an organism's
chromosomes.
exome - ✔✔The human genome includes 20,325 protein-encoding genes,
constituting the _______. Those genes encode 100,000-200,000 different
proteins.
homolgous chromosomes - ✔✔members of a chromosome pair, have matching
info.
genotype - ✔✔the combination of alleles of a particular gene in an individual.
Huntington's disease - ✔✔Autosomal dominant genetic disorder. Only needs one
copy of the mutant allele. Loss of coordination and behavior changes do not occur
until late 30 or early 40s. Individuals do not realize they have it until they pass it
on to their children.
Cystic fibrosis - ✔✔Autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by
excessively thick mucus in the lungs. Single gene resulting in multiple phenotypes.
Example of pleiotropy.
, red green colorblindness - ✔✔sex-linked recessive disorder, found on X
chromosome. Males only need it on their one X chrom. to have it, females need it
on both XX.
DNA polymerase - ✔✔enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA whenever
cells are preparing to divide.
RNA polymerase - ✔✔makes a temporary copy of a DNA segment—> RNA
transcript. Messenger RNA translations nucleotides into amino acids.
genetic determinism - ✔✔The belief that genes are the major determining factor
in human behavior.
gene by environment interaction - ✔✔phenotype influenced by environment
experienced by individual
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - ✔✔DNA-transcription-RNA-translation-
protein
Mendelian Inheritance - ✔✔when traits are controlled in a purely
dominant/recessive fashion
Wild-type (wt) allele - ✔✔Occurs most frequently in nature and is usually, but not
always, dominant (old)
Mutant allele - ✔✔a rare allele in the same population (new)
